Federal Role in Hurricane Preparedness Planning

GAO reviewed the principal Federal programs and activities relating to hurricane preparedness at the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Army Corps of Engineers. The Federal Government provides three services that have a direct impact on local preparedness levels: forecasting, technical assistance, and financial assistance. Overall, the programs have improved preparedness levels in those communities that have received Federal assistance. However, problems in some areas have kept the programs from being as effective as possible. For example: (1) FEMA provides little or no guidance to States on how to develop a preparedness plan; (2) FEMA has no criteria by which to review planning proposals; and (3) 4 of the 22 FEMA-designated high-risk areas will not be able to take advantage of the National Weather Service simulation models because of inadequate coordination between FEMA and NOAA. To ensure that Federal assistance is better used in hurricane preparedness planning, GAO believes that FEMA must: (1) coordinate and package available Federal technical and financial assistance; and (2) ensure that State-submitted proposals for technical studies and preparedness plans will adequately address stated needs. Additionally, FEMA, NOAA, other involved Federal agencies, and affected State and local areas should develop a funding approach for the computer model simulations needed to assist in developing hurricane preparedness plans.