The Census Bureau's Activities Particularly on the 1990 Decennial Census

GAO discussed the Bureau of the Census' preparations for the 1990 decennial census. GAO noted that the 1980 census was the most expensive in history and that there was considerable controversy among communities and groups that contested the results. The 1990 census will focus on obtaining the best count in the enumeration process and developing a method for adjusting substantial errors. The Bureau has already stated it goals for the census, which include: (1) conducting the census without increasing the per-housing-unit dollar cost; (2) expediting the availability of data to the users; (3) maintaining a high rate of coverage and improving the accuracy of small-area data while reducing the undercount differential for population groups and geographical areas; and (4) finding an appropriate balance between the time it takes to complete the questionnaire and the need for the information. However, the Bureau has already committed more funds to the 1990 census than in a comparable period for the 1980 census. Testing has been done on both the format and content for the questionnaires and on new automation procedures that would use a mark reader and would save data entry time. The Bureau has said that it will make its decisions on the system and type of questionnaire it will use later in 1986; however, GAO is concerned about the time constraints this will put on prospective systems vendors and the Bureau itself in considering other options. GAO also noted that the poverty indicator used to determine and allocate public assistance only reflects cash income and prompted the Bureau to develop methods of quantifying the value of noncash benefits such as medical care, food, and housing. GAO feels that better procedures are needed for determining program eligibility.