Pilot Project to Expand Merchandise Sold in Commissary Stores Will Likely Have a Negligible Impact on the Exchange Dividend
Gao ID: GAO-06-256R December 22, 2005The Department of Defense (DOD) has three military exchanges--the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, the Navy Exchange, and the Marine Corps Exchange--that operate retail and other specialty stores. During fiscal years 2000 through 2004, the three exchanges provided more than $300 million annually, an average of 55 to 70 percent of their profits, in the form of a dividend to support the military services' morale, welfare, and recreation programs. DOD, through the Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA), also operates commissaries that sell groceries and authorized household products at the lowest practical price, charging patrons only for the cost of goods sold plus a 5 percent surcharge. The funds generated by the surcharge are used to construct new and modernize existing commissaries. The Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 authorized the Secretary of Defense to conduct a pilot project involving the sale of film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards in not less than 10 commissary stores for a period selected by the Secretary, but not less than 6 months. Previously, these items had only been sold by the exchanges. Concerns were expressed by some associated with the exchanges that allowing the commissary stores to sell these items could adversely affect the exchange dividend, which could reduce the funding for the military services' morale, welfare, and recreation programs. The legislation also included a requirement that we examine that issue. In response to the 2005 act, we determined (1) the status of the pilot project to sell film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards in select commissaries; and (2) the potential impact that the pilot project could have on the exchange dividend.
Officials from the three exchanges and DeCA signed a memorandum in November 2005 agreeing to institute a pilot project to sell film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards at 10 commissaries in the continental United States. DOD implemented the pilot project at one location in November 2005 and plans to implement it at the other nine locations in December 2005. The pilot project is scheduled to last for 2 years. As designed, the pilot project is a test of convenience. The commissaries will purchase the selected film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards from the exchanges at the exchanges' retail price and sell the items at the same price as the exchanges. The commissaries will receive a management fee equal to 2 percent of the sale price of the items to offset the costs for handling the pilot project items and will not collect a surcharge on these items. The pilot project should have a negligible impact on the exchange dividend because of the design of the pilot project and the small percentage of sales from film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards. The commissaries will purchase all pilot project items from the exchanges, less a 2 percent management fee. Further, based on our analysis of the exchanges' sales data, the sale of all film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards comprise a very small percentage (less than 1 percent from fiscal years 2003 through 2005) of annual total exchange sales, and the pilot project calls for only selling 8 varieties of these items at 10 locations. Moreover, the exchanges would continue to sell the items at their locations throughout the pilot project. Based on fiscal year 2004 sales and dividend data, we determined that the fiscal year 2004 exchange dividend would have decreased by about $600,000, or 0.2 percent, if all sales of all varieties of these items were made at the commissaries. Our estimate represents a worst case scenario because it includes the sale of all film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards, rather than the eight items selected for the pilot project; assumes that all sales of film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards would occur at the commissaries instead of the exchanges; and assumes that the sales of these items remain the same as when they were only sold in the exchanges.
GAO-06-256R, Pilot Project to Expand Merchandise Sold in Commissary Stores Will Likely Have a Negligible Impact on the Exchange Dividend
This is the accessible text file for GAO report number GAO-06-256R
entitled 'Pilot Project to Expand Merchandise Sold in Commissary Stores
Will Likely Have a Negligible Impact on the Exchange Dividend' which
was released on December 22, 2005.
This text file was formatted by the U.S. Government Accountability
Office (GAO) to be accessible to users with visual impairments, as part
of a longer term project to improve GAO products' accessibility. Every
attempt has been made to maintain the structural and data integrity of
the original printed product. Accessibility features, such as text
descriptions of tables, consecutively numbered footnotes placed at the
end of the file, and the text of agency comment letters, are provided
but may not exactly duplicate the presentation or format of the printed
version. The portable document format (PDF) file is an exact electronic
replica of the printed version. We welcome your feedback. Please E-mail
your comments regarding the contents or accessibility features of this
document to Webmaster@gao.gov.
This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright
protection in the United States. It may be reproduced and distributed
in its entirety without further permission from GAO. Because this work
may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the
copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this
material separately.
December 22, 2005:
The Honorable John Warner:
Chairman:
The Honorable Carl Levin:
Ranking Minority Member:
Committee on Armed Services:
United States Senate:
The Honorable Duncan L. Hunter:
Chairman:
The Honorable Ike Skelton:
Ranking Minority Member:
Committee on Armed Services:
House of Representatives:
Subject: Pilot Project to Expand Merchandise Sold in Commissary Stores
Will Likely Have a Negligible Impact on the Exchange Dividend:
The Department of Defense (DOD) has three military exchanges--the Army
and Air Force Exchange Service, the Navy Exchange, and the Marine Corps
Exchange--that operate retail and other specialty stores. During fiscal
years 2000 through 2004, the three exchanges provided more than $300
million annually, an average of 55 to 70 percent of their profits, in
the form of a dividend to support the military services' morale,
welfare, and recreation programs.[Footnote 1] DOD, through the Defense
Commissary Agency (DeCA), also operates commissaries that sell
groceries and authorized household products at the lowest practical
price, charging patrons only for the cost of goods sold plus a 5
percent surcharge. The funds generated by the surcharge are used to
construct new and modernize existing commissaries.
The Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2005 authorized the Secretary of Defense to conduct a pilot project
involving the sale of film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards
in not less than 10 commissary stores for a period selected by the
Secretary, but not less than 6 months.[Footnote 2] Previously, these
items had only been sold by the exchanges. Concerns were expressed by
some associated with the exchanges that allowing the commissary stores
to sell these items could adversely affect the exchange dividend, which
could reduce the funding for the military services' morale, welfare,
and recreation programs. The legislation also included a requirement
that we examine that issue. In response to the 2005 act, we determined
(1) the status of the pilot project to sell film, one-time use cameras,
and telephone cards in select commissaries; and (2) the potential
impact that the pilot project could have on the exchange dividend.
We performed our work at the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense
(Personnel and Readiness), Arlington, Virginia; Army and Air Force
Exchange Service headquarters, Dallas, Texas; Navy Exchange
headquarters, Virginia Beach, Virginia; Marine Corps Exchange
headquarters, Quantico, Virginia; and DeCA Washington Office,
Washington, D.C. To determine the status of the pilot project, we
reviewed the memorandum of agreement that instituted the pilot project
and interviewed officials at the headquarters of the three exchanges
and DeCA. To determine the potential impact of the pilot project on the
exchange dividend, we analyzed sales data for film, one-time use
cameras, and telephone cards for fiscal years 2003, 2004, and 2005
through September 30, 2005.[Footnote 3] We also reviewed financial
reports on the amount of exchange dividends for fiscal years 2000
through 2004. Finally, we obtained data on the percentage of funding
for the services' morale, welfare, and recreation programs from the
exchange dividend compared to self-generated revenue and appropriated
funding for fiscal year 2004. We determined that the data used were
sufficiently reliable for purposes of this review. We conducted our
review from September through November 2005 in accordance with
generally accepted government auditing standards.
Summary:
Officials from the three exchanges and DeCA signed a memorandum in
November 2005 agreeing to institute a pilot project to sell film, one-
time use cameras, and telephone cards at 10 commissaries in the
continental United States. DOD implemented the pilot project at one
location in November 2005 and plans to implement it at the other nine
locations in December 2005. The pilot project is scheduled to last for
2 years. As designed, the pilot project is a test of convenience. The
commissaries will purchase the selected film, one-time use cameras, and
telephone cards from the exchanges at the exchanges' retail price and
sell the items at the same price as the exchanges. The commissaries
will receive a management fee equal to 2 percent of the sale price of
the items to offset the costs for handling the pilot project items and
will not collect a surcharge on these items.
The pilot project should have a negligible impact on the exchange
dividend because of the design of the pilot project and the small
percentage of sales from film, one-time use cameras, and telephone
cards. The commissaries will purchase all pilot project items from the
exchanges, less a 2 percent management fee. Further, based on our
analysis of the exchanges' sales data, the sale of all film, one-time
use cameras, and telephone cards comprise a very small percentage (less
than 1 percent from fiscal years 2003 through 2005) of annual total
exchange sales, and the pilot project calls for only selling 8
varieties of these items at 10 locations. Moreover, the exchanges would
continue to sell the items at their locations throughout the pilot
project. Based on fiscal year 2004 sales and dividend data, we
determined that the fiscal year 2004 exchange dividend would have
decreased by about $600,000, or 0.2 percent, if all sales of all
varieties of these items were made at the commissaries. Our estimate
represents a worst case scenario because it includes the sale of all
film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards, rather than the eight
items selected for the pilot project; assumes that all sales of film,
one-time use cameras, and telephone cards would occur at the
commissaries instead of the exchanges; and assumes that the sales of
these items remain the same as when they were only sold in the
exchanges.
In written comments on a draft of this report, DOD concurred with the
overall report.
Background:
The three military exchanges--the Army and Air Force Exchange Service,
the Navy Exchange, and the Marine Corps Exchange--are nonappropriated
fund activities that are established by, controlled by, and operated
for the benefit of DOD components. The military exchanges have a dual
mission of providing (1) authorized patrons with articles of
merchandise and services necessary for their health, comfort, and
convenience; and (2) a source of funding for the military services'
morale, welfare, and recreation programs.
The exchanges operate retail stores, similar to department stores, and
provide a host of other services and specialty stores, including
furniture stores, florist shops, barber and beauty shops, optical
shops, liquor stores, and fast-food restaurants. For fiscal year 2004,
the exchange services had almost $11 billion in sales. While the
exchanges use different methods to determine their dividend, between 55
and 70 percent of the exchange services' profits from sales were
allocated to morale, welfare, and recreation activities through the
exchange dividend over the past 5 fiscal years and the remaining
profits were reinvested in the exchange system and used primarily to
build new exchange facilities and related capital improvements.
The exchanges' dividend has fluctuated somewhat over the past 5 years.
Figure 1 shows the exchange dividend for each exchange for fiscal years
2000 through 2004.
Figure 1: Exchange Dividend by Exchange for Fiscal Years 2000 - 2004:
[See PDF for image]
Note: The Navy Exchange data do not include the Ships' Stores.
[End of figure]
The Army and Air Force Exchange Service's dividend fluctuated from a
high in 2000 of $260.4 million to a low in 2002 of $220.1 million
before increasing again to $242.2 million in 2004. Similarly, the Navy
Exchange's dividend was at its high of $53.3 million in 2000, at a low
of $41.4 million in 2002, and was around $50 million in 2003 and 2004.
The Marine Corps Exchange's dividend fluctuated from year to year, but
remained near $30 million, with the exception of its lowest year, 2004,
when the dividend was $26.1 million.
The exchange dividend makes up a small portion of the total funding for
the services' morale, welfare, and recreation programs--less than 10
percent of each service's total morale, welfare, and recreation funding
in fiscal year 2004, as shown in figure 2.
Figure 2: Source of Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Program Funding,
Fiscal Year 2004:
[See PDF for image]
[End of figure]
DeCA is DOD's designated agency for managing commissary stores
worldwide. DeCA's mission is to provide beneficiaries with groceries
and authorized household products at the lowest practical price,
charging patrons only for the cost of goods sold plus a 5 percent
surcharge. The funds generated by the surcharge are used to acquire
(including acquisition by lease), construct, repair, maintain, and
equip the physical infrastructure of commissary stores. DeCA ended
fiscal year 2004 with 273 stores and sales over $5 billion.
Pilot Project In Process of Being Implemented:
Officials from the three exchanges and DeCA signed a memorandum in
November 2005 agreeing to institute a pilot project to sell film, one-
time use cameras, and telephone cards at 10 commissaries in the
continental United States.[Footnote 4] DOD implemented the pilot
project at one location in November 2005 and plans to implement it at
the other nine locations in December 2005. The exchanges and DeCA
selected eight specific items for the pilot project--two types of film,
three types of one-time use cameras, and three types of telephone
cards.[Footnote 5] Exchange officials said that the items selected for
the test were the exchanges' best selling items in these categories.
The pilot project is scheduled to last for 2 years; however after 1
year the exchange services and DeCA can agree to terminate the pilot
project.
As designed, the pilot project is a test of convenience. The 10
commissaries will purchase the pilot project items from the exchanges
at the exchanges' retail price and sell the items at the same price as
the exchanges. The exchanges will continue to sell the pilot project
items in the exchanges. The exchanges will pay the commissaries a
management fee equal to 2 percent of the sales price of the pilot
project items to offset the cost of handling the pilot project items.
The commissaries will not collect a surcharge on the sale of pilot
project items.
Pilot Project Should Have Negligible Impact on the Exchange Dividend:
The pilot project should have a negligible impact on the exchange
dividend used to support the military services' morale, welfare, and
recreation programs. The exchanges will not lose any sales of film, one-
time use cameras, or telephone cards to the commissaries during the
pilot project because the commissaries will purchase the items from the
exchanges and will continue to sell the items themselves. However, the
exchanges will pay DeCA a 2 percent management fee on the sale of these
items. In addition, the sales of all film, one-time use cameras, and
telephone cards represented less than 1 percent of the total sales for
the three exchanges for fiscal years 2003 through 2005.
According to DOD officials, the pilot project was designed to have
minimal impact on the exchange dividend. Specifically, as previously
mentioned, the 10 commissaries involved in the pilot project will
purchase the pilot project items from the exchanges, rather than an
outside vendor, and sell the items at the same price as the exchanges.
Because the commissaries will purchase all items from the exchanges and
the exchanges will continue to sell the items in their locations, the
exchanges will not lose any sales of film, one-time use cameras, and
telephone cards to the commissaries.
The sales of all film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards
comprised less than 1 percent of total retail sales for the exchanges
from fiscal years 2003 through 2005, as shown in figure 3. Telephone
cards were the largest proportion of the three categories in terms of
dollar sales, ranging from a low of 0.08 percent of sales at the Marine
Corps Exchange in fiscal year 2003 to a high of 0.70 percent of sales
at the Army and Air Force Exchange System in fiscal year 2005.
Figure 3: Exchange Sales of All Film, One-Time Use Cameras, and
Telephone Cards as a Percentage of Total Exchange Sales, Fiscal Years
2003-2005:
[See PDF for image]
Notes: The sales data include the sales of all film, one-time use
cameras, and telephone cards, not only those eight items selected for
the pilot project. The Navy Exchange data do not include the Ships'
Stores.
[End of figure]
As previously noted, the pilot project includes eight items and not all
the film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards sold in the
exchanges. Comparable data on the sales of only the 8 items and 10
installations included in the pilot project were not available. To show
the potential impact on the exchange dividend, we assumed that the
commissary stores accounted for the sale of all film, one-time use
cameras, and telephone cards. Based on fiscal year 2004 sales and
dividend data, we determined that the exchange dividend would have been
reduced by about $600,000, or 0.2 percent, as shown in table 1.
Table 1: Potential Impact of the Pilot Project on the Exchange Dividend
Based on Fiscal Year 2004 Data:
Exchange: Army and Air Force Exchange Service;
Actual exchange dividend (2004): $242,179;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: $370;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: 0.15%.
Exchange: Navy Exchange;
Actual exchange dividend (2004): $48,667;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: $203;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: 0.42%.
Exchange: Marine Corps Exchange;
Actual exchange dividend (2004): $26,141;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: $22;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: 0.08%.
Exchange: Total;
Actual exchange dividend (2004): $316,987;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: $595;
Potential decrease in exchange dividend: 0.19%.
Source: GAO analysis of DOD data.
Note: The Navy Exchange data do not include the Ships' Stores.
[End of table]
Our estimate represents the worst case scenario because it includes the
sale of all film, one-time use cameras, and telephone cards, and not
just the 8 items included in the pilot project or the 10 locations
selected for the pilot project. In addition, we assumed that the
commissaries would account for all sales since we have no basis to
determine the extent to which sales would be split between the exchange
stores and the commissary stores. In addition, our analysis does not
consider whether the overall sales of these items would increase or
whether the pilot project could reduce sales of other items at the
exchanges due to a loss of foot traffic.
Agency Comments:
In commenting on a draft of the report, the official performing the
duties of the Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel
and Readiness) concurred with the overall report. DOD also provided
technical comments which were incorporated as appropriate. DOD's
comments are reprinted in the enclosure of this report.
We are sending copies of this report to the Secretary of Defense; the
Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness); the Commander,
Army and Air Force Exchange System; the Commander, Navy Exchange
Command; the Director, Personal and Family Readiness Division, U.S.
Marine Corps; the Chairman, Commissary Operating Board; the Director,
DeCA, and the Director, Office of Management and Budget. We will make
copies available to others upon request. In addition, the report will
be available at no charge on GAO's Web site at [Hyperlink,
http://www.gao.gov].
Please contact me at (202) 512-5581 if you or your staff have any
questions concerning this report. Contact points for our Offices of
Congressional Relations and Public Affairs may be found on the last
page of this report. Major contributors to this report were Michael
Kennedy, Assistant Director; Hilary Murrish; James Nelson; and Alissa
Czyz.
Signed by:
Barry W. Holman:
Director:
Defense Capabilities and Management:
Enclosure:
Enclosure: Comments from the Department of Defense:
PERSONNEL AND READINESS:
OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE:
4000 DEFENSE PENTAGON:
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301-4000:
DEC 14 2005:
MEMORANDUM FOR DOD INSPECTOR GENERAL:
ATTN: TECHNICAL DIRECTOR AUDIT FOLLOW-UP & GAO AFFAIRS:
SUBJECT: DoD Comments on GAO Draft Report GAO-06-2568, "Expansion of
Merchandise Sold in Commissary Stores Will Likely Have Negligible
Impact on the Exchange Dividend", November 28, 2005 (GAO Code 350751):
This memorandum responds to your request of November 30, 2005, for
comments on GAO Report -06-256R. DoD concurs with the overall report.
We request that GAO modify the report to reflect the recommended
technical corrections attached.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment. Questions may be directed to
Ms. Michelle Priester, Resale Activities and NAF Policy, (703) 602-
4601.
Signed by:
Gail H. McGinn:
Performing the Duties of the Principal Deputy:
Attachment: As stated:
cc:
Commander, Army and Air Force Exchange Service;
Commander, Navy Exchange Service Command;
Director, Personal & Family Readiness, HQ USMC;
Acting Director, Defense Commissary Agency:
[End of section]
(350751):
FOOTNOTES
[1] DOD's morale, welfare, and recreation programs--such as gymnasiums,
libraries, and child care centers--provide for the physical, cultural,
and social needs and the well-being of servicemembers, their families,
and eligible civilians and are intended to provide a sense of community
among patrons to make individuals more satisfied with military life and
to attract people to military careers.
[2] Pub. L. No. 108-375, Section 651 (Oct. 28, 2004).
[3] The exchanges operate on the retail fiscal year, which runs from
February through January.
[4] The 10 commissaries chosen for the pilot project are Andrews Air
Force Base, Maryland; Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado; Fort Bliss,
Texas; Fort Knox, Kentucky; Fort Lee, Virginia; Norfolk Naval Base,
Virginia; Patuxent River Naval Air Station, Maryland; Port Hueneme,
California; Quantico Marine Corps Base, Virginia; and Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio.
[5] The items included in the pilot project are Kodak 800 speed film, 4
pack; Kodak 400 speed film, 4 pack; Kodak One-time Use Camera, Zoom;
Kodak One-time Use Camera, Max Flash; Kodak One-time Use Camera,
Funsaver; AT&T 100 Unit Global Phone Card (Army and Air Force Exchange
System)/150 Unit (Navy Exchange, Marine Corps Exchange); AT&T 200 Unit
Global Phone Card (Army and Air Force Exchange System)/300 Unit (Navy
Exchange, Marine Corps Exchange); and AT&T 550 Unit Global Phone Card.
