Defense Infrastructure
The Army Needs to Establish Priorities, Goals, and Performance Measures for Its Arsenal Support Program Initiative Gao ID: GAO-10-167R November 5, 2009The Army has three government-owned and operated manufacturing arsenals that it considers vital to the Department of Defense's (DOD) industrial base because they provide products or services that are either unavailable from private industry or ensure a ready and controlled source of technical competence and resources in case of national defense contingencies or other emergencies. These three arsenals are Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas; Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois; and Watervliet Arsenal, New York. Pine Bluff's core mission is the production of conventional ammunition and other types of munitions. Rock Island's core mission is weapons manufacturing, and the arsenal is home to the Army's only remaining foundry. Watervliet is the Army's only cannon maker and also produces other armaments and mortars. Historically, the Army's arsenals have generally had vacant or underutilized space. For many years the Army has not provided the capital investment needed to keep pace with modern manufacturing requirements and retain core skills in the arsenal workforce. Additionally, the arsenals have generally had lower workloads during peacetime, but since the onset of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan they have experienced a surge in workloads to provide vital manufacturing capabilities, such as producing armor kits to harden Army personnel vehicles after it was found that the Army's existing vehicles were susceptible to improvised explosive devices. During the defense drawdown of the 1990s, the manufacturing arsenals were struggling from a diminishing and fluctuating workload, high product costs, significant reductions in force, and a fear that their core skills were being lost. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 authorized the Arsenal Support Program Initiative (ASPI), as a demonstration program designed to help maintain the viability of the Army's manufacturing arsenals. The ASPI authority sets forth 11 purposes for the program, including utilizing and employing the arsenals' skilled manufacturing workforce by commercial firms; encouraging private commercial use of underutilized government facilities; reducing the government's cost of ownership and the cost of products produced at the arsenals; and fostering cooperation between the Army, state and local governments, and private companies in the development and joint use of the Army's arsenals. The conference report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 directed us to review the ASPI program and report to the defense authorization committees. Our objective for this review was to determine the extent to which the Army has addressed the intended purposes set forth in the ASPI authorizing legislation. Additionally, in response to congressional interest, we have provided information that discusses other available authorities that the Army uses or could use to improve the viability of its manufacturing arsenals. In response to direction by the conferees to conduct a business case analysis that examines the cost, return on investment, and economic impact of the ASPI program, the Congressional Budget Office expects to submit its report later this year. Accordingly, our review did not address those aspects of the ASPI program.
Although the Army's three manufacturing arsenals have secured tenants that collectively address all but one of the purposes of the ASPI authority, the arsenals have had limited success in attracting ASPI tenants that enhance their core manufacturing missions and related workforce skills. According to the Army, 44 tenants had been secured under the ASPI program through the end of July 2009 (27 at Rock Island, 16 at Watervliet, and 1 at Pine Bluff), and each tenant addressed at least 1 of the 11 ASPI purposes. However, the Army has determined that, of the 44 tenants, only 4 are engaged in activities that have helped to strengthen the arsenals' core manufacturing capabilities or related workforce skills. ASPI site managers are generating operating revenue in the form of rent paid by ASPI tenants and have been more successful in securing commercial tenants needing administrative office space, which tends to be more profitable than leasing manufacturing space. Nonetheless, while ASPI tenants are generating revenue for the arsenals, program and site managers have generally been free to implement the program using a variety of approaches that may not be significantly contributing to the core manufacturing missions of the arsenals because the Army Materiel Command has provided them with only limited guidance. Given the discretion afforded by the ASPI authority--which does not prioritize its 11 purposes or require that all 11 purposes be addressed--the Army has missed an opportunity to ensure that program execution is aligned with its own priorities because Army guidance does not specify which of the authority's 11 purposes the Army considers to be its highest priorities. Further, the guidance does not incorporate the priorities identified in the conference report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, which encouraged the Army to recruit more tenants that enhance the arsenals' core missions and workforce skills. Additionally, the Army has not developed a strategy that describes the methods it plans to use to achieve its highest priorities and has not established performance goals and measures for the ASPI program. Our prior work has emphasized that performance goals should be measurable and results-oriented. Although the Army has adopted the 11 ASPI purposes as its broad goals for the program, these goals can not be easily quantified. Similarly, while the Army has developed some metrics to assess the program, existing metrics measure only the number of ASPI contracts secured and cost savings or cost avoidance to the Army, rather than the extent to which the program is making progress toward achieving the broad goals represented by the purposes established in the ASPI authority. Without clearly defined priorities, performance goals, and measures, the Army may be unable to respond to congressional direction or ensure that its own interests are being addressed. Further, the arsenals could be at risk of diminished core manufacturing capabilities that are considered vital to the national defense, and thus these skills and capabilities may not be readily available when needed. We are making three recommendations to improve the Army's execution of the ASPI program to help ensure that it addresses the broad goals of both congressional conferees and the Army by distinguishing its highest priorities among the ASPI purposes and establishing a strategy that includes measurable goals and performance measures to monitor progress the Army has made toward addressing the ASPI purposes.
RecommendationsOur recommendations from this work are listed below with a Contact for more information. Status will change from "In process" to "Open," "Closed - implemented," or "Closed - not implemented" based on our follow up work.
Director: Team: Phone:GAO-10-167R, Defense Infrastructure: The Army Needs to Establish Priorities, Goals, and Performance Measures for Its Arsenal Support Program Initiative
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GAO-10-167R:
United States Government Accountability Office:
Washington, DC 20548:
November 5, 2009:
The Honorable Carl Levin:
Chairman:
The Honorable John McCain:
Ranking Member:
Committee on Armed Services:
United States Senate:
The Honorable Ike Skelton:
Chairman:
The Honorable Howard McKeon:
Ranking Member:
Committee on Armed Services:
House of Representatives:
Subject: Defense Infrastructure: The Army Needs to Establish
Priorities, Goals, and Performance Measures for Its Arsenal Support
Program Initiative:
The Army has three government-owned and operated manufacturing arsenals
that it considers vital to the Department of Defense's (DOD) industrial
base because they provide products or services that are either
unavailable from private industry or ensure a ready and controlled
source of technical competence and resources in case of national
defense contingencies or other emergencies. These three arsenals are
Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas; Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois; and
Watervliet Arsenal, New York. Pine Bluff's core mission is the
production of conventional ammunition and other types of munitions.
Rock Island's core mission is weapons manufacturing, and the arsenal is
home to the Army's only remaining foundry. Watervliet is the Army's
only cannon maker and also produces other armaments and mortars.
Historically, the Army's arsenals have generally had vacant or
underutilized space. For many years the Army has not provided the
capital investment needed to keep pace with modern manufacturing
requirements and retain core skills in the arsenal workforce.
Additionally, the arsenals have generally had lower workloads during
peacetime, but since the onset of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan they
have experienced a surge in workloads to provide vital manufacturing
capabilities, such as producing armor kits to harden Army personnel
vehicles after it was found that the Army's existing vehicles were
susceptible to improvised explosive devices.
During the defense drawdown of the 1990s, the manufacturing arsenals
were struggling from a diminishing and fluctuating workload, high
product costs, significant reductions in force, and a fear that their
core skills were being lost. The National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2001 authorized the Arsenal Support Program Initiative
(ASPI), as a demonstration program designed to help maintain the
viability of the Army's manufacturing arsenals.[Footnote 1] The Army
Materiel Command provides oversight for the ASPI program and the TACOM
[Footnote 2] Life Cycle Management Command exercises program
management. The ASPI program manager for all three arsenals resides
within the TACOM Life Cycle Management Command located at Rock Island.
[Footnote 3] The Army has entered into facilities use contracts with
local nonprofit economic development organizations that serve as site
managers to market underutilized space on Rock Island[Footnote 4] and
Watervliet for use by commercial tenants who either rent the space or
provide services in kind to the manufacturing facilities. Pine Bluff
has had limited participation in the ASPI program and currently does
not have a site manager. All revenue generated from ASPI leasing
agreements is provided to the manufacturing facilities on the arsenals
and is intended to help reduce the arsenals' overhead, maintenance, and
product costs.
The ASPI authority sets forth 11 purposes for the program, including
utilizing and employing the arsenals' skilled manufacturing workforce
by commercial firms; encouraging private commercial use of
underutilized government facilities; reducing the government's cost of
ownership and the cost of products produced at the arsenals; and
fostering cooperation between the Army, state and local governments,
and private companies in the development and joint use of the Army's
arsenals. (See table 1 in the Background section of this report for a
complete listing of the 11 ASPI purposes). While the Army did not
advocate for the initial ASPI authority, it has adopted the purposes as
its broad goals for the program. Additionally, although a 2007 Army
report[Footnote 5] to the congressional defense committees recommended
permanent authority for the program, the Army has not included funding
for ASPI in its annual budget requests. Rather, Congress has funded
ASPI through congressionally directed funds in annual appropriations
acts and conference reports. Through July 2009, the Army has received
almost $74 million dollars for the ASPI program. Nearly all of these
funds are used to renovate underutilized space and attract commercial
firms to the arsenals.
The conferees on the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2008 expressed concern that ASPI has had limited success in
contributing to the retention of core manufacturing skills at the
arsenals, and they have noted that the commercial ventures the program
has attracted to the arsenals appear to have minimal connection to the
arsenals' core missions of producing munitions, armaments, and other
military products. In the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2008,[Footnote 6] Congress extended the ASPI program authorization
through fiscal year 2010, and in its accompanying report expressed the
expectation that DOD should show progress in the selection and
execution of projects that enhance the arsenals' core missions and
related workforce skills and result in contributions to the
recapitalization of plants and equipment in the additional two years of
ASPI authorization provided by that statute.[Footnote 7]
The conference report accompanying the National Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2008 directed us to review the ASPI program and
report to the defense authorization committees. Our objective for this
review was to determine the extent to which the Army has addressed the
intended purposes set forth in the ASPI authorizing legislation.
Additionally, in response to congressional interest, we have provided
information in enclosure 2 of this report that discusses other
available authorities that the Army uses or could use to improve the
viability of its manufacturing arsenals. In response to direction by
the conferees to conduct a business case analysis that examines the
cost, return on investment, and economic impact of the ASPI program,
the Congressional Budget Office expects to submit its report later this
year. Accordingly, our review did not address those aspects of the ASPI
program.
Scope and Methodology:
To determine the extent to which the ASPI program has addressed its
intended purposes, we reviewed the Army's 2007 report to the
congressional defense committees on the results of the ASPI program
since its inception. We also assessed the criteria used by the ASPI
program manager to determine whether ASPI tenants have addressed the
purposes set forth in the ASPI authority. While the Rock Island and
Watervliet site managers have office space on the arsenals, for the
purposes of this review, we did not consider the site managers as ASPI
tenants because of their unique role of marketing the ASPI program to
commercial companies and managing the leases for tenants secured under
the program. Additionally, we contacted officials from the Office of
the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and
Technology; the Army Materiel Command; and the TACOM Life Cycle
Management Command to obtain policies, guidance, plans, and internal
control procedures for the ASPI program. We also met with the ASPI
program manager, and the ASPI site managers at Rock Island and
Watervliet, who are responsible for marketing ASPI to commercial firms,
as well as Army officials at Pine Bluff, to discuss whether the ASPI
program purposes were being addressed and any issues that may hinder
program success. We further discussed and analyzed the strategies taken
by each arsenal to address ASPI purposes. During our visits to the
manufacturing arsenals, we judgmentally selected some ASPI tenants to
interview based on their availability (10 out of 44 total tenants) to
ascertain their views on how the APSI program is working. In order to
provide additional information to the congressional defense committees
on the Army's use of other authorities to improve the viability of the
arsenals, we reviewed various other legislative authorities involving
Army industrial facilities and public-private partnerships to determine
whether such authorities are applicable for use in improving the
viability of the arsenals. We briefly summarize select provisions of
each of these authorities in enclosure 2 of this report. We interviewed
Army headquarters and arsenal officials to determine whether these or
any other authorities had been employed for the benefit of the Army's
arsenals, and we obtained their perspectives regarding any challenges
that may exist in using these authorities to attract commercial
tenants. We conducted this performance audit from December 2008 through
November 2009 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable
basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives.
We believe that the evidence obtained provides a reasonable basis for
our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives.
Summary:
Although the Army's three manufacturing arsenals have secured tenants
that collectively address all but one of the purposes of the ASPI
authority, the arsenals have had limited success in attracting ASPI
tenants that enhance their core manufacturing missions and related
workforce skills. According to the Army, 44 tenants had been secured
under the ASPI program through the end of July 2009 (27 at Rock Island,
16 at Watervliet, and 1 at Pine Bluff), and each tenant addressed at
least 1 of the 11 ASPI purposes.[Footnote 8] However, the Army has
determined that, of the 44 tenants, only 4 are engaged in activities
that have helped to strengthen the arsenals' core manufacturing
capabilities or related workforce skills. ASPI site managers are
generating operating revenue in the form of rent paid by ASPI tenants
and have been more successful in securing commercial tenants needing
administrative office space, which tends to be more profitable than
leasing manufacturing space. Nonetheless, while ASPI tenants are
generating revenue for the arsenals, program and site managers have
generally been free to implement the program using a variety of
approaches that may not be significantly contributing to the core
manufacturing missions of the arsenals because the Army Materiel
Command has provided them with only limited guidance. Given the
discretion afforded by the ASPI authority--which does not prioritize
its 11 purposes or require that all 11 purposes be addressed--the Army
has missed an opportunity to ensure that program execution is aligned
with its own priorities because Army guidance does not specify which of
the authority's 11 purposes the Army considers to be its highest
priorities. Further, the guidance does not incorporate the priorities
identified in the conference report accompanying the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, which encouraged the Army to
recruit more tenants that enhance the arsenals' core missions and
workforce skills. Additionally, the Army has not developed a strategy
that describes the methods it plans to use to achieve its highest
priorities and has not established performance goals and measures for
the ASPI program. Our prior work has emphasized that performance goals
should be measurable and results-oriented.[Footnote 9] Although the
Army has adopted the 11 ASPI purposes as its broad goals for the
program, these goals can not be easily quantified. Similarly, while the
Army has developed some metrics to assess the program, existing metrics
measure only the number of ASPI contracts secured and cost savings or
cost avoidance to the Army, rather than the extent to which the program
is making progress toward achieving the broad goals represented by the
purposes established in the ASPI authority. Without clearly defined
priorities, performance goals, and measures, the Army may be unable to
respond to congressional direction or ensure that its own interests are
being addressed. Further, the arsenals could be at risk of diminished
core manufacturing capabilities that are considered vital to the
national defense, and thus these skills and capabilities may not be
readily available when needed. We are making three recommendations to
improve the Army's execution of the ASPI program to help ensure that it
addresses the broad goals of both congressional conferees and the Army
by distinguishing its highest priorities among the ASPI purposes and
establishing a strategy that includes measurable goals and performance
measures to monitor progress the Army has made toward addressing the
ASPI purposes.
We provided DOD with a draft of this report for comment on September 1,
2009, but received no comments. We also provided the draft report to
the ASPI site managers for the Rock Island and Watervliet arsenals and
incorporated their comments as appropriate into this report.
Background:
The core missions of the three Army government-owned and operated
manufacturing arsenals are as follows:
* Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas produces, renovates, and stores a wide
array of munitions and chemical/biological defense systems, including
over 60 different conventional ammunition products ranging in caliber
from 40 millimeters to 175 millimeters. Pine Bluff also produces
munitions containing payloads for smoke, nonlethal, riot control,
incendiary, illumination, and infrared uses.
* Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois manufactures weapons and weapon
components, including the M119A2 howitzer, artillery, gun mounts,
recoil mechanisms, small arms, aircraft weapon subsystems, and weapon
simulators. Rock Island also manufactures mobile maintenance systems,
and has the nation's only remaining Army foundry.
* Watervliet Arsenal, New York is the Army's only cannon manufacturer
and produces armaments, mortars, cannons, and recoilless rifles. It has
the nation's only large bore cannon production facility and maintains
proprietary processes for heat treating and rotary forging.
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001, which
first authorized ASPI, includes 11 purposes for the ASPI program as
shown in Table 1; however, there is no requirement for the
manufacturing arsenals to address each ASPI purpose, nor does the
authority prioritize the purposes. The authorization for the ASPI
program currently extends through fiscal year 2010.
Table 1: The 11 Purposes of the ASPI Program:
1. To provide for the utilization of the existing skilled workforce at
the Army manufacturing arsenals by commercial firms.
2. To provide for the reemployment and retraining of skilled workers
who, as a result of declining workload and reduced Army spending on
arsenal production requirements at these Army arsenals, are idled or
underemployed.
3. To encourage commercial firms, to the maximum extent practicable, to
use these Army arsenals for commercial purposes.
4. To increase the opportunities for small businesses (including
socially and economically disadvantaged small business concerns and new
small businesses) to use these Army arsenals for those purposes.
5. To maintain in the United States a work force having the skills in
manufacturing processes that are necessary to meet industrial emergency
planned requirements for national security purposes.
6. To demonstrate innovative business practices, to support Department
of Defense acquisition reform, and to serve as both a model and a
laboratory for future defense conversion initiatives of the Department
of Defense.
7. To the maximum extent practicable, to allow the operation of these
Army arsenals to be rapidly responsive to the forces of free market
competition.
8. To reduce or eliminate the cost of Government ownership of these
Army arsenals, including the costs of operations and maintenance, the
costs of environmental remediation, and other costs.
9. To reduce the cost of products of the Department of Defense produced
at these Army arsenals.
10. To leverage private investment at these Army arsenals through long-
term facility use contracts, property management contracts, leases, or
other agreements that support and advance the demonstration program for
the following activities: (A) Recapitalization of plant and equipment;
(B) Environmental remediation; (C) Promotion of commercial business
ventures; and (D) Other activities approved by the Secretary of the
Army.
11. To foster cooperation between the Department of the Army, property
managers, commercial interests, and State and local agencies in the
implementation of sustainable development strategies and investment in
these Army arsenals.
Source: Pub.L. No. 106-398, § 343 (2001).
[End of table]
The Army has contracted with local non-profit economic development
organizations to serve as site managers to market the arsenals'
underutilized space to commercial firms. The site manager for
Watervliet is the Arsenal Business and Technology Partnership of
Watervliet, New York. The ASPI site manager for Rock Island Arsenal is
the Rock Island Arsenal Development Group, of Rock Island, Illinois.
Pine Bluff has had limited participation in the ASPI program and
currently does not have a site manager.
In comments to a draft of our report, the Watervliet site manager
commented that there is no evidence that the two initial statutory
purposes were given priority by the drafters of the program when the
ASPI legislation was developed in 2000. Additionally, the site manager
commented that there is repeated and consistent evidence that the Army,
at every level, considered program performance and emphasized the
commercial use of underused facilities as the most important program
priority. However, according to the Army's 2007 report on ASPI to the
congressional defense committees, the Army views the primary goal of
the ASPI program as attracting commercial entities to help the arsenals
maintain their critical manufacturing capabilities and reduce
manufacturing costs. Furthermore, as stated above, the conferees on the
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 have expressed
an expectation that DOD should show progress in the selection and
execution of projects that enhance the arsenals' core missions and
related workforce skills and result in contributions to the
recapitalization of plants and equipment in the additional two years of
ASPI authorization provided by that statute.
When ASPI was initially implemented, it was managed by the Joint
Munitions Command, a major subordinate command under the Army Materiel
Command.[Footnote 10] ASPI was established with authorities similar to
the Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support initiative created by
Congress in 1992, which is also managed by the Joint Munitions Command.
Under this initiative, government-owned, contractor-operated Army
ammunition plants and depots are authorized to lease their facilities
to private sector firms to help offset the government's cost of
ownership of those facilities while maintaining a workforce readiness
capability and fostering cooperation with state and local interests for
development. Unlike ASPI, the Armament Retooling and Manufacturing
Support initiative is funded in the Army's annual budget requests.
Congress has funded the ASPI program through congressionally directed
funds within the annual appropriation for Army procurement of Weapons
and Tracked Combat Vehicles. Nearly all of the ASPI funds are used to
renovate underutilized space at the arsenals to attract potential
commercial tenants. In some cases these renovations can be extensive
because some facilities have been unused for many years and have
deteriorated over time. In the earlier years of ASPI, the ASPI program
manager distributed these funds among the three arsenals based on the
priority the program manager gave to approved projects. However,
according to the ASPI program manager, since late 2005 the
congressionally directed funds have been specifically designated for
Rock Island and Watervliet prior to receipt by the Army. The ASPI
program manager also stated that this change in the funding process
severely limited the authority of the program management office to
select the projects it believed would provide the most benefit to the
Army, and, as a result, Pine Bluff Arsenal no longer receives funding
for ASPI projects due to this predetermination. Table 2 shows the
amount of congressionally directed funds the ASPI program received and
the amounts obligated[Footnote 11] from fiscal year 2002 through July
2009.
Table 2: Congressionally Directed Funds Appropriated and Obligated to
Support ASPI from Fiscal Year 2002 through July 2009:
Fiscal year: 2002;
Appropriated funding: $3.24 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $3.24 million.
Fiscal year: 2003;
Appropriated funding: $4.20 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $4.19 million.
Fiscal year: 2004;
Appropriated funding: $3.45 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $3.45 million.
Fiscal year: 2005;
Appropriated funding: $10.93 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $10.93 million.
Fiscal year: 2006;
Appropriated funding: $8.50v;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $8.50 million.
Fiscal year: 2007;
Appropriated funding: $8.85 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $8.85 million.
Fiscal year: 2008;
Appropriated funding: $21.10 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $20.38 million.
Fiscal year: 2009[A];
Appropriated funding: $13.46 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $4.37 million.
Fiscal year: Totals;
Appropriated funding: $73.73 million;
Amount obligated as of July 2009: $63.91 million.
Source: GAO analysis of Army data.
[A] The total obligated amount shown is as of July 31, 2009, and thus
does not reflect any additional obligations that may have occurred
during the remainder of fiscal year 2009.
[End of table]
Additionally, the ASPI site managers have received some funds from
other sources in support of the ASPI program. For example, the Rock
Island Development Group received $200,000 each from the State of
Illinois and the State of Iowa; and the Arsenal Business and Technology
Partnership received approximately $26 million from State of New York
and private grant funding.
In commenting on a draft of the Army's 2007 report to the congressional
defense committees assessing implementation of ASPI, Army Headquarters
stated that it did not support permanent funding for ASPI in its
budget, citing concerns that ASPI had not reduced the cost of
manufactured products and that available funds could be better used for
other higher priority modularity and modernization programs.
Nonetheless, the Army, in its final report, recommended that Congress
consider establishing ASPI as a permanent program. As noted previously,
the Congressional Budget Office was directed by the conference report
accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2008 to conduct a business case analysis that examines the cost, return
on investment, and economic impact of the ASPI program and expects to
issue its report later this year.
Although the Army Has Addressed the Purposes of ASPI, It Has Not
Clearly Established Its Highest Priorities or Developed a Strategy That
Includes Performance Goals, and Its Ability to Measure Progress Is
Limited:
Arsenal Tenants Address All but One of the Purposes of the ASPI
Program, but the Arsenals Have Had Limited Success in Securing Tenants
That Enhance Their Core Manufacturing Missions and Related Workforce
Skills:
The Army's three manufacturing arsenals have secured tenants that
collectively address all but one of the purposes of the ASPI authority.
According to the ASPI program manager, the remaining purpose to allow
the operation of Army manufacturing arsenals to be rapidly responsive
to the forces of free market competition is addressed by the site
managers. Since the inception of the ASPI program, the site managers
have secured contracts with 59 ASPI tenants. As of July 31, 2009,
according to the Army, the ASPI program had 44 active tenants (27 at
Rock Island, 16 at Watervliet, and 1 at Pine Bluff).[Footnote 12] The
ASPI site managers have taken action to market this program and secure
ASPI contracts with companies that address at least one of the purposes
identified in the ASPI authority. Table 3 identifies the number of ASPI
tenants at each arsenal addressing each of the ASPI purposes. Enclosure
1 identifies the 44 current tenants and provides the ASPI program
manager's assessment of all tenants against the 11 ASPI purposes.
Table 3: Number of ASPI Tenants at Each Arsenal Addressing Each of the
ASPI Purposes (by Arsenal):
ASPI purposes: 1; To provide for the utilization of the existing
skilled workforce at the Army manufacturing arsenals by commercial
firms;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 0;
Watervliet: 1;
Pine Bluff: 0.
ASPI purposes: 2; To provide for the reemployment and retraining of
skilled workers who, as a result of declining workload and reduced Army
spending on arsenal production requirements at these Army arsenals, are
idled or underemployed;
Rock Island: 3;
Watervliet: 1;
Pine Bluff: 0.
ASPI purposes: 3; To encourage commercial firms, to the maximum extent
practicable, to use these Army arsenals for commercial purposes;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 26;
Watervliet: 15;
Pine Bluff: 1.
ASPI purposes: 4; To increase the opportunities for small businesses
(including socially and economically disadvantaged small business
concerns and new small businesses) to use these Army arsenals for those
purposes;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 0;
Watervliet: 1;
Pine Bluff: 1.
ASPI purposes: 5; To maintain in the United States a work force having
the skills in manufacturing processes that are necessary to meet
industrial emergency planned requirements for national security
purposes;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 1;
Watervliet: 1;
Pine Bluff: 0.
ASPI purposes: 6; To demonstrate innovative business practices, to
support Department of Defense acquisition reform, and to serve as both
a model and a laboratory for future defense conversion initiatives of
the Department of Defense;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 5;
Watervliet: 11;
Pine Bluff: 1.
ASPI purposes: 7; To the maximum extent practicable, to allow the
operation of these Army arsenals to be rapidly responsive to the forces
of free market competition;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 0[A];
Watervliet: 0[A];
Pine Bluff: 0[A].
ASPI purposes: 8; To reduce or eliminate the cost of government
ownership of these Army arsenals, including the costs of operations and
maintenance, the costs of environmental remediation, and other costs;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 27;
Watervliet: 16;
Pine Bluff: 1.
ASPI purposes: 9; To reduce the cost of products of the Department of
Defense produced at these Army arsenals;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 27;
Watervliet: 16;
Pine Bluff: 1.
ASPI purposes: 10; To leverage private investment at these Army
arsenals through long-term facility use contracts, property management
contracts, leases, or other agreements that support and advance the
demonstration program for the following activities: (A)
recapitalization of plant and equipment; (B) environmental remediation;
(C) promotion of commercial business ventures; and (D) other activities
approved by the Secretary of the Army;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 1;
Watervliet: 3
Pine Bluff: 0.
ASPI purposes: 11; To foster cooperation between the Department of the
Army, property managers, commercial interests, and state and local
agencies in the implementation of sustainable development strategies
and investment in these Army arsenals;
Number of ASPI tenants addressing each of the ASPI purposes:
Rock Island: 6;
Watervliet: 10;
Pine Bluff: 1.
Source: GAO analysis of Army data.
[A] According to the ASPI program manager, only the site managers
address purpose number 7, and they indirectly address each of the
remaining ASPI purposes. Pine Bluff does not have a site manager.
Note: A tenant may address 1 or more of the 11 ASPI purposes.
[End of table]
According to the ASPI program manager and the site managers for Rock
Island and Watervliet, attracting commercial companies as ASPI tenants
has assisted in the economic development of surrounding communities by
providing employment opportunities. For example, AmCad Digital
Conversion, a commercial Rock Island tenant that specializes in the
preservation and conversion of public records, employs nearly 200
people from the surrounding Rock Island region. Additionally,
Watervliet tenants Extreme Molding and Solid Sealing Technologies
manufacture lightweight composite materials for medical equipment and
commercial use, respectively, and employ approximately 40 people
combined. Other Watervliet tenants, M&W Zander and VISTEC Lithography,
are high-tech engineering and manufacturing companies that together
employ almost 60 people in the Albany, New York area. In June 2009
VISTEC Lithography, which manufactures semiconductors and microchip
nanotechnology, sold its first advanced electron beam lithography tool
that was fully constructed at its Watervliet facility to the U.S. Army
Research Laboratory in Maryland for advanced research and development
of military devices and applications that will help enhance our
national security.
However, the arsenals have had limited success in securing ASPI tenants
that enhance the arsenals' core manufacturing missions and related
workforce skills. Although each of the Army's 44 tenants are generating
revenue for the arsenals, the Army has determined that only 4 of these
tenants address the purposes that enhance the arsenals' core missions
or related workforce skills. As such, ASPI site managers have been more
successful at securing commercial tenants needing administrative office
space, which tends to be more profitable, than they have been in
leasing manufacturing space. For example, at Rock Island, for fiscal
year 2008, the rate charged for administrative space was $9.50 per
square foot, whereas the rate charged for manufacturing space was $4.00
per square foot. According to the Rock Island and Watervliet site
managers who are responsible for marketing the ASPI program, the
reduced profits received from charging lower rental rates to
manufacturing-related companies is one of the reasons why they have
focused on recruiting commercial companies in need of administrative
space. Additionally, prior to the conferees on the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 voicing concerns regarding the
small number of ASPI tenants supporting the arsenals' core
manufacturing missions or workforce skills, these officials thought
that their strategy made good business sense because they were
generating revenue from their tenants and were still addressing the
purposes of the program. Furthermore, the site managers told us that
the recent economic slowdown has caused a decline in the growth of many
companies in the manufacturing industry, which has made it more
difficult for them to attract such companies to participate in the ASPI
program.
Although Rock Island had three ASPI tenants that supported its core
manufacturing mission and had recently signed notices of intent with
two additional firms that are expected to enhance the core mission and
workforce skills at the arsenal, all but one of the tenants at
Watervliet were engaged in businesses that were unrelated to that
arsenal's core manufacturing mission. Pine Bluff only has one ASPI
tenant and this tenant indirectly supports the mission of the arsenal.
Rock Island Arsenal:
Rock Island Arsenal had 27 ASPI tenants at the time of our review, but
only 3 of those tenants support its core mission. For example, 2 of the
tenants provide training to the Rock Island workforce and another
tenant is expected to provide high-tech services to Rock Island. During
the course of this review, we found that during the early years of the
ASPI program, the leadership of the Rock Island-Joint Manufacturing and
Technology Center, which has responsibility for the manufacturing
mission on the arsenal, was concerned that potential ASPI manufacturing
tenants might compete with, rather than complement, the arsenal's core
manufacturing mission. Hence, the Rock Island site manager was
encouraged not to pursue potential manufacturing tenants and no
manufacturing space was made available to lease to potential tenants.
However, the current Rock Island Joint Manufacturing and Technology
Center leadership is working closely with the Rock Island ASPI site
manager to increase efforts to recruit tenants that could help enhance
its core manufacturing mission or the manufacturing skills of the
arsenal workforce.
The Rock Island site manager, in conjunction with the Rock Island-Joint
Manufacturing and Technology Center, recently signed notices of intent
under the ASPI program to lease space to two additional firms that are
expected to enhance the core mission and workforce skills at the
arsenal. In February 2009, Rock Island signed a notice of intent to
partner with British Aerospace and Engineering Systems--a global
company engaged in the development, delivery, and support of advanced
defense, security, and aerospace systems--to establish a manufacturing
center for consolidation of composite armor, which according to arsenal
officials could lead to a new line of business for them. Under this
public-private partnership agreement, the company would be expected to
provide the technical and management oversight of the work, using
approximately four to six of its own employees, and the Rock Island-
Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center plans to provide available
space and infrastructure, in addition to purchasing an autoclave and/or
press system to perform the consolidation process. The Rock Island-
Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center also plans to provide the
skilled labor required to operate the autoclave and/or press system,
handle raw materials, and perform other manufacturing needs. Also, in
August 2008, the Rock Island-Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center
signed a notice of intent to partner with the Quad Cities Manufacturing
Laboratory, an Illinois-based manufacturing firm, to develop titanium
and composite manufacturing capabilities. Under this partnership
agreement, the Quad Cities Manufacturing Laboratory is expected to
provide overall project management and engineering services and the
Rock Island-Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center would provide
skilled workers for the project, including laser cutting, casting,
machining, and welding; and engineering, prototype, and testing
support. Although ASPI funds were being used to renovate the space
needed to accommodate these two new manufacturing tenants, during the
time of this review, Rock Island was still in the process of finalizing
the contracts with these ASPI tenants.
Watervliet Arsenal:
At the time of our review, Watervliet had 16 ASPI tenants under
contract; however, Hartchrom, Inc., which conducts chrome plating and
surface finishing for two types of cannons manufactured at Watervliet,
was the ASPI program's only tenant that addressed the first purpose of
the ASPI authority--to provide for the utilization of the existing
skilled workforce. However, after the retirement of these former
Watervliet employees that were hired by Hartchrom, the company has not
employed any additional Watervliet personnel to supplement its
workforce. Additionally, at the time of our review Hartchrom was
negotiating with the ASPI site manager to expand the company's
operations to another building on the arsenal where it plans to build a
new metal processing facility that will recondition large texture die
plates on a production line basis for one of its commercial partners.
Hartchrom also asked Watervliet to work with them on the installation
of a chrome plating facility at the arsenal. Under Hartchrom's
proposal, their company would provide the conceptual drawings, conduct
design reviews and final approval of all drawings, provide
documentation and software, and handle all procurements and contracts
for services. Watervliet would complete the design work suitable for
the manufacturing or the various items and the subsequent installation
as well as provide project management and manufacturing support.
However, according to a Watervliet official, the arsenal was not in a
position to perform design or manufacturing labor for the new facility
due to the overall increase in Watervliet's workload and lack of people
resources to support Hartchrom. In addition, the Watervliet site
manager was also considering a proposal from another current ASPI
tenant, M&W Zander, Inc., to expand its operations in the same space
that Hartchrom was seeking. M&W Zander, Inc. is an architecture,
engineering, and construction firm for high-tech companies, such as
VISTEC Lithography. According to the Watervliet site manager, it is not
uncommon for tenants to compete over the limited space at the arsenal
and consideration is given to the overall benefit the Army and the
arsenal will receive. Furthermore, the site manager stated that there
is space available within the building for the expanded services of
both ASPI tenants. Nevertheless, although the current and previous
Watervliet Commanders believe that these high-tech ASPI tenants may
offer some long-term benefits to the Army, they have expressed their
concerns to the Watervliet site manager about the need to focus more on
securing tenants that complement the arsenal's manufacturing mission.
Pine Bluff Arsenal:
Since the inception of ASPI in 2001, Pine Bluff Arsenal has secured one
ASPI tenant. This tenant addresses six of the ASPI purposes. The
tenant, Lindsey and Osborne, is a railroad and train company that
specializes in managing box cars. Under its agreement with Pine Bluff,
Lindsey and Osborne stores its trains and boxcars on the arsenal in
exchange for repairing the railroad tracks leading into and out of the
arsenal. Although the service provided by Lindsey and Osborne does not
directly address any of the ASPI purposes related to enhancing the
arsenal's core manufacturing mission or workforce skills, Pine Bluff
officials told us that this tenant indirectly supports the core mission
because, once Pine Bluff's railroad tracks are usable, the arsenal will
be able to use trains to ship its products if other methods of
transportation were unavailable. Pine Bluff officials also told us that
they only pursue companies that would complement the arsenal's core
mission and would not recruit companies for the sole purpose of
receiving rent for underutilized facilities. Additionally, according to
Pine Bluff officials, their participation in the ASPI program is
limited because they have few underutilized facilities, if any, that
are suitable for commercial tenants.
The Army Has Not Determined Its Highest Priorities for ASPI or
Developed a Strategy That Includes Performance Goals, and Its Ability
to Measure Progress Is Limited:
Although the tenants that have been secured for the ASPI program have
generated revenue for the arsenals, program and site managers have
generally been free to implement the ASPI program using varied
approaches because the Army Materiel Command has provided only limited
guidance that does not clearly articulate the Army's priorities for the
program or performance goals and measures. In response to congressional
committee and staff direction, the Army Materiel Command directed the
ASPI program manager to give greater weight to the law's first 2
purposes--utilizing the existing skilled workforce and reemploying or
retraining skilled workers--in the selection process for acquiring new
tenants to occupy underutilized space. Rock Island and Watervliet site
managers stated that the surge in the arsenals' workload requirements
to meet the demands of existing wartime conditions may have decreased
the immediate need for the implementation of the first 2 purposes of
the ASPI authority. However, to the extent that the Army can use the
ASPI program to attract tenants that have the capability to utilize the
arsenal's existing skilled workforce, it may help in alleviating the
arsenals' past experiences of significant reductions in workload and
retention of critical skills when overseas military operations begin to
decline. Partnering with such tenants could also help provide long-term
stability to a critical component of DOD's war fighting capability.
Furthermore, this strategy would be aligned with the congressional
defense committees expressed expectation that DOD show progress in the
selection and execution of projects that enhance the arsenals' core
missions and related workforce skills.
According to the Watervliet's site manager, Watervliet often does not
have resources available for added private sector opportunities, as was
the case with the proposed partnership with Hartchrom to conduct the
design work and manufacturing labor for the installation of a new
chrome plating facility in support on one of Hartchrom's commercial
partners. Nevertheless, the Army has missed an opportunity to ensure
that the execution of the ASPI program is aligned with its own
priorities, given the discretion afforded by the ASPI authority. The
ASPI authority does not prioritize its 11 purposes, and it does not
require that arsenal tenants--individually or collectively--address all
11 purposes identified in the authority. Neither does the authority
preclude the Army from issuing implementing guidance identifying its
own priorities for the program. Our work on high-performing
organizations has indicated that successful programs should articulate
a clear mission and communicate that mission to their stakeholders as a
way of encouraging higher performance.[Footnote 13] For example, if the
Army wishes to encourage program managers to recruit more tenants that
enhance the arsenals' core mission and workforce skills, it could place
a higher priority on the related ASPI purposes. Furthermore, although
the program and site managers have acted within the law to attract
tenants that address the ASPI purposes and have generated revenue
through leases with these tenants, the Army has not developed an
overall strategy that includes the steps needed to achieve its desired
results or ways to measure progress. In our prior work on national
strategies we have determined that establishing priorities is only part
of a process that, to be effective, should be integrated into an
overall strategy.[Footnote 14] Our work on results-oriented management
has further shown that an effective strategy should describe the
general methods an agency plans to use to accomplish its broad goals.
[Footnote 15] It should also be flexible and adaptable, allowing
agencies to respond to factors beyond their control that could affect
their ability to achieve desired results. Although the ASPI program has
helped to defray some of the operating costs for the arsenals and has
provided some economic benefits to local communities, until the Army
distinguishes its highest priorities from among the ASPI purposes--as
part of an overall strategy that encourages site managers to focus on
the Army's priorities while maintaining the flexibility to address
subsequent priorities in the cases where higher level priorities can
not be met--the ASPI program will continue to lack clear Army
direction.
In addition, strategies should include performance goals that address
what the strategy is trying to achieve and performance measures to
gauge results.[Footnote 16] While the Army has adopted the 11 ASPI
purposes as its broad goals for the program, the ASPI purposes are not
easily measurable in a way that would enable the Army to measure how
effective the program has been at ensuring that its priorities are
being met. Performance goals, which are derived from broad goals like
the ASPI purposes, establish intended performance and focus on
quantifiable results. Performance goals should be accompanied by
results-oriented performance measures that provide a specific means of
gauging performance. Performance measures should include a baseline and
a target; should be objective, measurable, and quantifiable; and should
include a time frame. However, the Army's ability to measure program
performance is limited because it has yet to develop these tools for
the ASPI program. Moreover, the conferees on the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 expressed their expectations for
ASPI implementation by stating that the Army should show progress in
selecting tenants that enhance the arsenals' core missions and related
workforce skills and contribute to the recapitalization of plants and
equipment. The Army has established two metrics to evaluate the ASPI
program, including the number of ASPI contracts secured and cost
savings or cost avoidance to the Army. However, these limited metrics
do not measure the extent to which the program is making progress
toward achieving the broad goals represented by the purposes
established in the ASPI authority. Together, performance goals and
performance measures can assist DOD and Congress to measure progress
and determine whether programs are achieving their desired results.
Without performance goals for the ASPI program and outcome-focused
performance measures with which the Army can conduct a comprehensive
assessment of the program's progress, ASPI program and site managers
are likely to continue to face difficulties balancing competing
priorities, and the Army may be unable to demonstrate that the program
is moving toward addressing congressional expectations.
Conclusions:
If the Army views its manufacturing arsenals, along with their core
manufacturing missions and workforce skills, as vital to its ability to
respond when needed to national defense contingencies or other
emergencies, it is important that the Army articulate its priorities
for the ASPI program. Although it may be important to allow some
flexibility in how site managers implement the program, until the Army
establishes clear overall priorities for the program, instead of
continuing to allow implementation of ASPI to vary depending upon the
incentives and desired outcomes of local leadership and site managers,
the arsenals may continue to attract tenants who do not support their
core manufacturing missions. Furthermore, until the Army establishes
quantifiable goals and outcome-focused performance measures with which
to assess progress toward addressing the ASPI purposes, the Army's
ability to track progress toward achieving broad goals such as
utilizing the arsenals' existing skilled workforce and reemploying and
retraining skilled workers will be limited. Moreover, improved Army
management of the ASPI program's performance will assist Congress to
make informed decisions regarding reauthorization and funding of the
ASPI program.
Recommendations:
In order to improve the execution of the ASPI authority and ensure that
the program addresses the goals of both the Army and Congress, we
recommend that the Secretary of the Army direct the Commanding General
of the Army Materiel Command to:
* distinguish the Army's highest priorities from among the ASPI
purposes as part of an overall strategy to achieve its desired results,
while maintaining the flexibility to address lower-level priorities in
cases where the highest-level priorities can not be met due to external
factors;
* establish performance goals for the ASPI program; and:
* establish outcome-focused performance measures to assess the progress
the Army has made toward addressing the ASPI purposes, including
securing tenants that could utilize any existing skilled workforce and
provide for the reemployment and retraining of skilled manufacturing
workers.
Agency Comments and Third Party Views:
We provided DOD with a draft of this report for comment on September 1,
2009, but received no comments. We also provided the draft report to
the ASPI site managers for the Rock Island and Watervliet arsenals and
incorporated their comments as appropriate into this report.
We are sending copies of this report to other congressional committees,
members, and other interested parties. We are also sending copies to
the Secretaries of Defense and the Army as well as the Director, Office
of Management and Budget. Copies will be made available to others upon
request. In addition, this report will be available at no charge on our
Web site at [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov]. If you or your staff have
any questions about this report, please contact me at (202) 512-4523 or
leporeb@gao.gov. Contact points for our Offices of Congressional
Relations and Public Affairs may be found on the last page of this
report. GAO staff who made key contributions to this report are listed
in enclosure 3.
Signed by:
Brian J. Lepore, Director:
Defense Capabilities and Management:
[End of section]
Enclosure 1:
Table 3: The Army's Assessment of ASPI Tenants Against the 11 Purposes
of ASPI,[A] as of July 31, 2009:
Tenant: 5-T Office Services;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: AKIMA Logistics;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Alliant Techsystems;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: AmCad[®];
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 199;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: ARC Business Supply;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 9;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: ARMTEC;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Black Consulting;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Black Hawk College;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 4;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Booz Allen Hamilton;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 3;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Center for Economic Growth;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 4;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Chemcept;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 4;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: City of Watervliet;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: CORE BTS;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 8;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Day & Zimmerman;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: DynCorp;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Efficiency Partners;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 6;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: ENSCO - ENDATAT, Inc.;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 5;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Evident Technologies;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 4;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Extreme Molding, LLC;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 23;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Flint Cliffs Manufacturing;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 6;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Genesis Health Care Group;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 14;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Hancock Management;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 20;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Hartchrom;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 16;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Homeland Security Training Center;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: N/A;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: IITI - Iowa Illinois Taylor Inc;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Kellogg Brown and Root;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Lean Flame;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 1;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Lindsey & Osborne;
Arsenal[B]: PBA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: M & W Zander;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 24;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: ManTech International Corporation Corp HQ;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 4;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Modular Furniture Services;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 6;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Onsite Health;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 5;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: OSVETS;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 3;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: PB Nammo;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Pendulum Service;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: RCH LLC;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 6;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Russell Construction;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 3;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: SERCO;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 15;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: SIVYER Steel;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 4;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Solid Sealing Technologies;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 17;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: Strategic Response Initiatives;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: THOTH Solution;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 7;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: TNS Payment Solutions;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 12;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Empty].
Tenant: VISTEC Lithography;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 34;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Empty];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Arsenal site managers:
Tenant: Arsenal Business & Technology Partnership;
Arsenal[B]: WVA;
Number of employees: 4;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Tenant: Rock Island Arsenal Development Group;
Arsenal[B]: RIA;
Number of employees: 2;
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 1: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 2: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 3: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 4: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 5: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 6: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 7: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 8: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 9: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 10: [Check];
ASPI purposes fulfilled by each tenant: 11: [Check].
Source: ASPI Program Manager.
11 Purposes of the ASPI Authority (abbreviated):
1. Provide for the utilization of existing skilled work force:
2. Provide for the reemployment and retraining of skilled workers:
3. Encourage commercial firms to use Army manufacturing arsenals:
4. Increase the opportunities for small businesses to use Army
manufacturing arsenals:
5. Maintain work force skills in manufacturing processes:
6. Demonstrate innovative business practices, to support DOD
acquisition reform, and to serve as both a model and a lab for future
defense conversion initiatives of the DOD:
7. Allow the operation of Army manufacturing arsenals to be rapidly
responsive to the forces of free market competition:
8. Reduce or eliminate cost of government ownership:
9. Reduce the cost of products:
10. Leverage private investment through long-term facility use
contracts, property management contracts, leases or other agreements
that support and advance the following activities: (A) recapitalization
of plant and equipment; (B) environmental remediation; (C) promotion of
commercial business ventures; and (D) other activities approved by the
Secretary of the Army.
11. Foster cooperation between the Department of the Army, property
managers, commercial interests and State and local agencies.
[End of table]
[End of section]
Enclosure 2:
Additional Statutory Authorities That the Army Uses or Could Use to
Help Improve the Viability of the Army's Manufacturing Arsenals:
Although our work focused on the Army's implementation of the Arsenal
Support Program Initiative (ASPI) program, there are several
authorities, other than ASPI, that the Army uses or could use to help
improve the viability of the Army's manufacturing arsenals. These
include section 4532 of Title 10 U.S. Code, commonly referred to as the
Army Arsenal Act, and other statutes that authorize the establishment
of public-private partnerships, including direct sales, research and
development, and facilities use agreements, such as enhanced-use
leases. However, some of these authorities have provisions that limit
their usefulness to the manufacturing arsenals.
The Army Arsenal Act:
Section 4532 of Title 10, commonly referred to as the Army Arsenal Act,
states that the Secretary of the Army "shall have supplies needed for
the Department of the Army made in factories or arsenals owned by the
United States," when it is economical to do so. Under its implementing
guidance for the Army Arsenal Act, when determining whether supplies
can be economically obtained from government-owned facilities, the Army
assesses the government's manufacturing costs and compares them to the
costs of buying from the private sector--a process commonly referred to
as the "make or buy" analysis. Army Regulation 700-90 provides guidance
for the management of the Army industrial base for weapon system
acquisition and encourages the "make or buy" analysis of the Army
Arsenal Act on a case-by-case basis to determine whether to have
government entities or private firms provide needed supplies. According
to Rock Island Arsenal and Watervliet Arsenal officials, although the
intent of the Army Arsenal Act is to make the Army manufacturing
arsenals the first choice in providing Army core mission products--such
as gun mounts, recoils, munitions, mortars, and cannons--it has not
been effectively utilized due to a provision within an Army regulation
[Footnote 17] that encourages program managers to purchase items from
the private sector.
Public-Private Partnerships:
According to Army Materiel Command officials, a public-private
partnership is an agreement between an Army-owned and operated facility
and one or more private enterprises to perform work or utilize the
Army's facilities and equipment. Some partnerships have been
established by contract under statutory authority and some are
arrangements pursuant to memorandums of agreement or other
noncontractual agreements. These partnerships can range from joint
public-private undertakings to private sector participation in some
aspect of DOD production to direct sales of articles or services to the
private sector. Although public-private partnerships have flexible
characteristics, the key element in each partnering arrangement is the
use of some aspect of DOD's industrial base capability to support the
partnerships.
There are a number of authorities that the Army may use to establish
public-private partnerships, and any single partnership may cite more
than one authority. For the manufacturing arsenals, these authorities
can be divided into three categories: (1) direct sales statutes, (2)
research and development statutes, and (3) facilities use statutes.
According to Rock Island and Watervliet officials, they have made
efforts to utilize the entire legislative and partnering toolbox
available to them, where applicable. Each arsenal also reported having
difficulties in developing partnerships because of limitations
involving some of the authorities. Table 5 summarizes some of the
principal statutory and regulatory authorities, other than ASPI, that
are available to the Army's manufacturing arsenals for establishing
partnering arrangements.
Table 4: Summary of Principal Authorities, Other Than ASPI, Available
to Army Manufacturing Arsenals for Establishing Partnering
Arrangements:
Direct Sales Statutes - Contractual and Cooperative Agreements:
10 U.S.C. § 2208(j) permits the Secretary of a military department to
authorize an industrial facility financed through working capital funds
to sell articles and manufacturing, remanufacturing, and engineering
services outside DOD if the purchaser is fulfilling a DOD contract or
subcontract and the solicitation for the contract or subcontract is
open to public private competition; or if the Secretary would advance
the objectives of 10 U.S.C. § 2474(b) (2) by authorizing the facility
to do so. The Secretary of Defense may waive these conditions for a
particular sale under certain circumstances. Under regulations
prescribed in accordance with 10 U.S.C. § 2208(h), these articles or
services may be sold to a contractor for use in performing DOD
contracts.
10 U.S.C. § 2474 requires the Secretaries of the military departments
(or the Secretary of Defense in the case of defense agencies) to
designate depot-level maintenance activities (other than facilities
approved for BRAC) as Centers of Industrial and Technical Excellence
(CITE), permits the Secretaries to authorize and encourage public-
private partnerships at CITES to provide for the performance of work
related to depot-level maintenance core competencies and private sector
use of facilities and equipment not fully utilized by DOD, and permits
amounts received by the CITE for work performed under a public-private
partnerships to be credited to the appropriation or fund that incurs
the cost of performing the work.
10 U.S.C. § 4544 authorizes Army working-capital-funded industrial
facilities to enter into a contract or other cooperative arrangement
with a non-Army entity to carry out a variety of specified activities,
including the sale of articles or services to persons outside the Army,
the performance of work by a non-Army entity at the facility, the
sharing of work, or the lease or use of the Army facilities or
equipment. Cooperative arrangements cannot exceed 5years, unless
specifically authorized by law, and are subject to several conditions,
including: work must be substantially performed by the government
facility, must not interfere with the DOD work or military mission of
the facility, and the non-Army entity must indemnify the United States
from any claim for damages or injury arising out of this arrangement,
except for government misconduct or gross negligence. The proceeds of
sales are credited to the working capital fund that incurs work under
this authority, and this authority may be used to enter into not more
than eight contracts or cooperative agreements. This authority is
scheduled to expire on September 30, 2014.
22 U.S.C. § 2770 allows the President to sell defense articles and
services to a U.S. company for incorporation into end items (and for
concurrent or follow-on support) to be sold by such company either on a
direct commercial basis to a friendly foreign country pursuant to a
specified export license or approval, or in the case of specified
ammunition parts, using commercial practices which restrict actual
delivery directly to a friendly foreign country or international
organization under specific conditions.
Research and Development Statutes:
10 U.S.C. § 2539b authorizes the Secretary of Defense and the
Secretaries of the military departments, under prescribed regulations,
to sell, rent, loan, or give samples, drawings, and manufacturing or
other information, or sell, rent, or loan government equipment or
materials, or make available for a fee the services of any government
laboratory, center, range, or other testing facility, to persons or
entities, for varying purposes such as use on independent research and
development projects or demonstrations to friendly foreign governments,
subject to certain conditions.
10 U.S.C. § 2358 authorizes the Secretary of Defense and the
Secretaries of the military departments to perform research and
development projects related to weapons systems and other military
needs, or otherwise of potential interest to DOD, by contract,
cooperative agreement, or grant, or by other specified means.
Additional provisions applicable to cooperative agreements are provided
in 10 U.S.C. § 2371 and § 2371a.
15 U.S.C. § 3710a authorizes federal agencies to permit federal
laboratories to enter Cooperative Research and Development Agreements
(CRADAs) on behalf of the agency with various entities, consistent with
the missions of the laboratory and subject to various conditions.
Facilities Use Statutes:
10 U.S.C. § 2667 allows leasing of nonexcess facilities and equipment
for not more than 5 years unless it is determined that a longer lease
would promote the national defense or be in the public interest, in
accordance with specified rules and conditions.
FAR Subpart 45.3 prescribes the policies and procedures for contractor
use and rental of government property.
FAR Subpart 45.4 prescribes the rules pertaining to the title to
government-furnished property and the title to contractor-acquired
property. For example, under fixed price type contracts, the contractor
retains title to all property acquired by the contractor for use on the
contract, except for property identified as a deliverable item.
Source: DOD's 2008 Annual Report on Section 4544 of Title 10, Army
Cooperative Activities Statute and GAO analysis.
Note: The descriptions of these authorities are not intended to be
exhaustive; rather, they describe particular aspects of the authorities
pertinent to public-private partnerships at Army manufacturing
arsenals.
[End of table]
Use and Limitations of Direct Sales Authorities:
Prior to May 2009, Rock Island and Watervliet officials reported that
only under direct sales statutory authority granted by section 2208 and
section 4543 of Title 10 were they permitted to utilize their
capabilities and workforce to support commercial ventures that are
performing work on behalf of the Army. Watervliet reported having
ongoing partnerships with two defense contractors under the direct
sales authority of section 4543, for the manufacture of the 120mm M256
cannon, mortar barrels, and the 81mm barrel assembly. Rock Island
reported having ongoing partnerships with two defense contractors to
conduct recoil durability tests for the Stryker and gun mount work
under the direct sales authority of section 4543; and two recent
partnerships being formed with British Aerospace and Engineering
Systems and the Quad Cities Manufacturing Laboratory that were
discussed earlier in this report. According to the Rock Island and
Watervliet officials, the only limitation to these statutes is that
section 4543 requires them to obtain certificates of noncommercial
availability before they can sell their products or services to the
private sector.
According to Army officials, the fact that the direct sales authority
of section 4544 does not require a certificate of noncommercial
availability in order to enter into a partnership with private industry
firms is a significant benefit of the statute; however, there are
several provisions in this direct sales authority that limit its
usefulness. Specifically, section 328 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 amended section 4544 of Title 10
by limiting the number of partnering agreements allowed to eight and
establishing an expiration date for the authority of September 30,
2014--in addition to an already existing 5-year limit on multiyear
contracts for cooperative arrangements. Because the legislation that
initially authorized section 4544[Footnote 18] did not limit the number
of partnerships that could be established, the Army had a total of 11
partnerships when the fiscal year 2008 legislation was enacted. To
comply with the statutory limitation of no more than eight contracts
using this authority, the Army closed and suspended some contracts,
converted contracts to other authorities, and issued a moratorium on
creating new cooperative arrangements and partnerships under this
authority. According to Rock Island and Watervliet officials, during
this time period, they had partnering proposals that could not be
finalized due to the limit of eight partnerships which were already
dedicated to other Army industrial facilities and the Army's moratorium
on new partnerships. At the time of our review, according to Army
Materiel Command officials, the Command was in compliance with the
limitation on the number of contracts allowed under section 4544 and
was in the process of establishing a review panel to screen and
recommend approval for future partnership proposals. Additionally, in
the Army's Fiscal Year 2009 report to Congress on the use of the
authority under section 4544, the Army reported that it would request
in the Fiscal Year 2011 Legislative Change Proposal Cycle that section
4544 be made permanent, the pending expiration of September 30, 2014,
be lifted, and that the limitation on the number of contract or
cooperation arrangements formed under this authority be removed.
According to Rock Island and Watervliet officials, they have been
limited in their use of section 2474 of Title 10 because this statute
has traditionally been applied only to DOD depot-level maintenance
activities. However, Pine Bluff was designated as a:
Center of Industrial and Technical Excellence[Footnote 19] in September
2005 for chemical and biological defense equipment and was thus
authorized to form public-private partnerships under this authority.
According to Pine Bluff officials, Pine Bluff subsequently entered into
a public-private partnership for the rebuild of the M40 protective
masks, a gas mask that protects soldiers on the battlefield from
chemical and biological agents. Nonetheless, according to a senior Army
Materiel Command official, Pine Bluff can not form similar partnerships
for their ammunition and pyrotechnic production core competencies as
they are not designated as a Center of Industrial and Technical
Excellence for these competencies nor do they have documented depot-
level maintenance work for these competencies.
Such designations under section 2474 could better position the arsenals
to form broad-based public-private partnerships with private entities,
which could increase the workload of the Army's manufacturing arsenals.
Since early 2008, according to Army Materiel Command officials, there
have been discussions within the Army to propose amending section 2474
to allow the organic industrial capabilities of any DOD facility,
including DOD ammunition plants and arsenals, to be designated as
Centers of Industrial and Technical Excellence in their core
competencies, if depot-level maintenance work can be documented. To
date, according to Army Materiel Command officials, the Army has not
presented such a proposal to Congress for consideration but intends to
do so in its Fiscal Year 2011 Legislative Change Proposal Cycle.
However, in May 2009, the Secretary of the Army designated Rock Island
as a Center of Industrial and Technical Excellence for the Army's
Mobile Maintenance Systems, specifically the Forward Repair System and
the Shop Equipment Contract Maintenance because of Rock Island-Joint
Manufacturing and Technology Center's proven expertise in the overhaul
of these systems. Although Rock Island's core mission capability for
manufacturing weapons is not included in its Center of Industrial and
Technical Excellence designation, both Army and Rock Island officials
told us that they believe that this designation should allow for future
partnership opportunities. Conversely, although Watervliet has
performed the maintenance and overhaul of the reparable parts of some
Army cannon components and is the sole manufacturer of these cannons,
it has not been designated as a Center of Industrial and Technical
Excellence.
Use of Research and Development Authorities:
Watervliet reported using the research and development statute--section
3710a of Title 15, Cooperative Research and Development Agreements--to
enter into a partnership with Benet Laboratories, in support of the
design, prototype, and production of new technology for the Army's
cannon and howitzer guided bore technologies, and fatigue and fracture
analysis. Additionally, Rock Island partnered with Benet Laboratories
to manufacture five gun mounts, other recoil parts, and perform recoil
durability testing for the 120mm XM360 high performance gun assembly.
Use and Limitations of Facilities Use Authorities:
Watervliet has also established a partnership with Hartchrom, Inc.,
including a services contract under the Federal Acquisition Regulation
that allows Hartchrom to utilize Watervliet plant facilities to apply
chrome-plating and surface finishing to two cannon barrels manufactured
by Watervliet. Additionally, Rock Island and Watervliet have utilized
section 2667 of Title 10 to establish facilities use agreements with
other DOD, federal, state, and private entities. Under this lease
authority, the Secretaries of the military departments are generally
authorized to lease nonexcess real property in exchange for cash or in-
kind consideration not less than the fair market value of the lease
interest whenever they consider it advantageous to the United States.
In-kind consideration accepted with respect to a lease under this
section can include construction of new facilities or maintenance of
existing facilities. According to Rock Island and Watervliet officials,
unlike ASPI, if lease agreements are established with commercial
tenants under section 2667, the arsenals would need funding from the
Army to renovate and configure unused space to meet the needs of any
new tenants before the new tenants begin paying rent. In 2008, we
reported[Footnote 20] that the Army utilizes this statute more than any
other military department to execute short-term leases, lasting no more
than 5 years, as well as longer term enhanced use leases, which usually
span more than 30 years and typically involve in-kind payments.
[Footnote 21]
Rock Island officials stated that, although this statute is used to
establish permits with other DOD agencies, and agreements and easements
with some local, state, and private entities, only the lease for the
Rock Island Arsenal Golf Club is expected to be an enhanced-use
agreement for real property. According to these officials, the
negotiations for this property have been ongoing for more than 4 years,
and they expect it will take at least another year to complete. Both
Rock Island and Watervliet officials told us that they believe enhanced-
use leases might not be effective in leasing space to commercial
tenants who have an immediate need, due to the lengthy amount of time
required to complete the enhanced-use lease process.
In May 2008, the Secretary of the Army agreed to provide 57 acres of
land on the Watervliet Arsenal, divided into 7 parcels, to the
community for development under an enhanced-use leasing agreement. In
December 2008, the Arsenal Business and Technology Partnership was
selected as the developer. According to a Watervliet official, enhanced-
use leasing would require the developer to fully fund the cost of
development and rent would be paid back to the government for use of
the land. In April 2009, the Arsenal Business and Technology
Partnership provided a draft of its Lease and Management Plan to the
Corps of Engineers; and according to a Watervliet official, the Corps
of Engineers expects to finalize the agreement for Watervliet by mid-
year 2010.
Leases executed pursuant to section 2667 not only benefit the
installation by leveraging underutilized land in exchange for rent
money or in-kind consideration, such as new construction or maintenance
of existing facilities, they also benefit the developer and the
community. For example, according to DOD officials, these projects can
establish long-term relationships between developers and private sector
and government entities with specific real estate needs that are
potential occupants of the space. In addition, developers receive
market rate returns on their investments and access to new markets,
such as federal government and military support contractors. These
agreements benefit the community by providing additional jobs, a
broader tax base, and renovation of deteriorated assets.
[End of section]
Enclosure 3:
GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments:
GAO Contact:
Brian Lepore, (202) 512-4523 or leporeb@gao.gov:
Acknowledgments:
In addition to the person named above, James Reifsnyder, Assistant
Director; Aisha Cabrer; Susan Ditto; George Duncan; Jason Jackson;
Gregory Marchand; Jacqueline McColl; Charles Perdue; and Greg Pugnetti
made key contributions to this report.
[End of section]
Footnotes:
[1] Pub.L. No. 106-398, § 343 (2001).
[2] TACOM is now the official command name for the organization
formerly known as the Army's Tank-automotive and Armaments Command.
[3] Pursuant to a 2005 base realignment and closure recommendation, the
ASPI program office is scheduled to move to the TACOM Life Cycle
Management Command in Warren, Michigan by September 2011.
[4] Beginning in fiscal year 2006, Rock Island was split into two
organizations--the Rock Island-Joint Manufacturing and Technology
Center, which is responsible for the industrial manufacturing mission
on the arsenal, and the U.S. Army Garrison-Rock Island, which provides
facilities and base operations support and services to all installation
tenants. ASPI projects may be within the industrial or garrison areas
at Rock Island.
[5] The ASPI authority directed the Army to submit a report assessing
the implementation of ASPI to the congressional defense committees by
no later than July 1, 2001. This report is not required on an annual
basis.
[6] Pub L. No. 110-181, § 341 (2008).
[7] H.R. Conf. Rep. No. 110-477, at 881-882 (2007).
[8] The 44 tenants we have identified do not include the site managers
at Rock Island and Watervliet.
[9] GAO, Military Transformation: Clear Leadership, Accountability, and
Management Tools Are Needed to Enhance DOD's Efforts to Transform
Military Capabilities, [hyperlink,
http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-05-70] (Washington, D.C.: December
2004).
[10] In 2005, the management of ASPI transferred to the TACOM Life
Cycle Management Command, another Army Materiel Command major
subordinate command.
[11] Obligations are incurred through actions such as orders placed,
contracts awarded, services received, or similar transactions.
Obligations incurred during a given fiscal year may require payments
during the same or a future year.
[12] The 44 tenants we have identified do not include the site managers
at Rock Island and Watervliet.
[13] GAO, High-Performing Organizations: Metrics, Means, and Mechanisms
for Achieving High-Performance in the 21ST Century Public Management
Environment, [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-04-343SP]
(Washington, D.C.: February 2004).
[14] GAO, Combating Terrorism: Evaluation of Selected Characteristics
in National Strategies Related to Terrorism, [hyperlink,
http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-04-408T] (Washington,
D.C.: Feb. 3, 2004).
[15] [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-05-70].
[16] [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-05-70].
[17] According to Army Regulation 700-90, Army Industrial Base Process
(Dec. 14, 2004), the Army will rely on the private sector for support
of defense production to the maximum extent practical. Government-owned
facilities may be considered essential when no commercial producer can
be induced to supply needed items, to ensure continued availability of
important capabilities in time of national emergency, or government-
owned facilities are more efficient or economical than private
industry.
[18] Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2005, Pub. L. No. 108-375, § 353(2004).
[19] A DOD Center of Industrial and Technical Excellence is a
designation given to DOD depot-level maintenance activities by the
Secretary of each military department based on the activities' core
competencies. Based on section 2474 of Title 10, designated Centers of
Excellence are authorized and encouraged to enter into public-private
partnerships with private sector companies to perform work related to
their core competencies.
[20] GAO, Defense Infrastructure: Services' Use of Land Use Planning
Authorities, [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-850]
(Washington, D.C.: July 23, 2008).
[21] Section 2667 of Title 10 does not use the term enhanced-use lease
to differentiate leases executed pursuant to this authority that are
longer than 30 years and involve in-kind payments.
[End of section]
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