Balanced Budget Act

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA) contained more than 200 mandates for Medicare. These mandates amount to what are probably the most significant modifications to the Medicare program since its inception 30 years ago. In summary, this testimony found that the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) is making progress in meeting the legislatively established implementation schedules for BBA Medicare provisions. Since the passage of BBA in August 1997, almost three-fourths of the mandates with a July 1998 deadline have been implemented. However, HCFA officials have acknowledged that many remaining BBA mandates will not be implemented on time.

GAO noted that: (1) HCFA is making progress in meeting the legislatively established implementation schedules; (2) since the passage of BBA in August 1997, almost three-fourths of the mandates with a July 1998 deadline have been implemented; (3) however, HCFA officials have acknowledged that many remaining BBA mandates will not be implemented on time; (4) HCFA maintains that these delays will have a minimal impact on anticipated Medicare program savings; (5) given the concurrent competition for limited resources and the differing importance and complexity of the many BBA mandates, the success or failure of HCFA's implementation efforts should not be judged solely on meeting deadlines; (6) rather, any assessment should consider whether the agency is meeting congressional objectives while taking a reasoned management approach to identifying critical BBA tasks, keeping them on track, and integrating them with other agency priorities; (7) complying with the BBA mandate to conduct an information campaign that provides beneficiaries with the tools to make informed health plan choices poses significant challenges for HCFA and participating health plans; (8) in implementing the Medicare plus Choice program, HCFA must now assemble the necessary comparative information about these options and find an effective means to disseminate it to beneficiaries; (9) a parallel goal of the information campaign is to give beneficiaries information about the quality and performance of participating health plans to promote quality-based competition among plans; (10) HCFA has accelerated its goals for obtaining standardized information from plans, and GAO believes health plan disenrollment rates provide an acceptable short-term substitute measure of plan performance; (11) the campaign is to be financed primarily from user fees; (12) HCFA has met the July 1, 1998, implementation date for phasing in a new payment system for SNFs; (13) GAO is concerned, however, that payment system design flaws and inadequate underlying data used to establish payment rates may compromise the system's ability to meet the twin objectives of slowing spending growth while promoting the delivery of appropriate beneficiary care; (14) in the short term, the new payment system could be improved if HCFA clearly stated that SNFs are responsible for insuring that the claims they submit are for beneficiaries who meet Medicare coverage criteria; and (15) in the longer term, further research to improve the patient grouping methodology and new methods to monitor the accuracy of patient assessments could substantially improve the performance of the new payment system.