Border Security
Improvements Needed to Reduce Time Taken to Adjudicate Visas for Science Students and Scholars Gao ID: GAO-04-443T February 25, 2004Each year thousands of international science students and scholars apply for visas to enter the United States to participate in education and exchange programs. They offer our country diversity and intellectual knowledge and are an economic resource. At the same time, the United States has important national security interests in screening these individuals when they apply for a visa. At a House Committee on Science hearing in March 2003, witnesses raised concern about the length of time it takes for science students and scholars to obtain a visa and about losing top international students to other countries due to visa delays. GAO reviewed 1) how long it takes a science student or scholar from another country to obtain a visa and the factors contributing to the length of time, and 2) what measures are under way to improve the process and decrease the number of pending cases.
State Department (State) cannot readily identify the time it takes for a science student or scholar to obtain a visa. State has not set specific criteria or time frames for how long the visa process should take, but its goal is to adjudicate visas as quickly as possible, consistent with immigration laws and homeland security objectives. GAO found that the time it takes to adjudicate a visa depends largely on whether an applicant must undergo an interagency security check known as Visas Mantis, which is designed to protect against sensitive technology transfers. Based on a random sample of Visas Mantis cases for science students and scholars sent from posts between April and June 2003, GAO found it took an average of 67 days for the security check to be processed and for State to notify the post. In addition, GAO's visits to posts in China, India, and Russia in September 2003 showed that many Visas Mantis cases had been pending 60 days or more. GAO also found that the way in which Visas Mantis information was disseminated at headquarters level made it difficult to resolve some of these cases expeditiously. Furthermore, consular staff at posts GAO visited said they were unsure whether they were contributing to lengthy waits because they lacked clear guidance on when to apply Visas Mantis checks and did not receive feedback on whether they were providing enough information in their Visas Mantis requests. Another factor that may affect the time taken to adjudicate visas for science students and scholars is the wait for an interview. While State and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) officials acknowledged there have been lengthy waits for visas, they report having measures under way that they believe will improve the process and that they are collaborating to identify and resolve outstanding Visas Mantis cases. In addition, State officials told GAO they have invested about $1 million to upgrade the technology for sending Visas Mantis requests. According to State officials, the new system will help to reduce the time it takes to process Visas Mantis cases.
GAO-04-443T, Border Security: Improvements Needed to Reduce Time Taken to Adjudicate Visas for Science Students and Scholars
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Testimony:
Before the Committee on Science, House of Representatives:
United States General Accounting Office:
GAO:
For Release on Delivery Expected at 9:30 a.m. EST:
Wednesday, February 25, 2004:
Border Security:
Improvements Needed to Reduce Time Taken to Adjudicate Visas for
Science Students and Scholars:
Statement of Jess T. Ford, Director International Affairs and Trade:
GAO-04-443T:
GAO Highlights:
Highlights of GAO-04-443T, a testimony before the Committee on
Science, House of Representatives
Why GAO Did This Study:
Each year thousands of international science students and scholars
apply for visas to enter the United States to participate in education
and exchange programs. They offer our country diversity and
intellectual knowledge and are an economic resource. At the same time,
the United States has important national security interests in
screening these individuals when they apply for a visa. At a House
Committee on Science hearing in March 2003, witnesses raised concern
about the length of time it takes for science students and scholars to
obtain a visa and about losing top international students to other
countries due to visa delays. GAO reviewed 1) how long it takes a
science student or scholar from another country to obtain a visa and
the factors contributing to the length of time, and 2) what measures
are under way to improve the process and decrease the number of
pending cases.
What GAO Found:
State Department (State) cannot readily identify the time it takes for
a science student or scholar to obtain a visa. State has not set
specific criteria or time frames for how long the visa process should
take, but its goal is to adjudicate visas as quickly as possible,
consistent with immigration laws and homeland security objectives. GAO
found that the time it takes to adjudicate a visa depends largely on
whether an applicant must undergo an interagency security check known
as Visas Mantis, which is designed to protect against sensitive
technology transfers. Based on a random sample of Visas Mantis cases
for science students and scholars sent from posts between April and
June 2003, GAO found it took an average of 67 days for the security
check to be processed and for State to notify the post. In addition,
GAO‘s visits to posts in China, India, and Russia in September 2003
showed that many Visas Mantis cases had been pending 60 days or more.
GAO also found that the way in which Visas Mantis information was
disseminated at headquarters level made it difficult to resolve some
of these cases expeditiously. Furthermore, consular staff at posts GAO
visited said they were unsure whether they were contributing to
lengthy waits because they lacked clear guidance on when to apply
Visas Mantis checks and did not receive feedback on whether they were
providing enough information in their Visas Mantis requests. Another
factor that may affect the time taken to adjudicate visas for science
students and scholars is the wait for an interview.
While State and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) officials
acknowledged there have been lengthy waits for visas, they report
having measures under way that they believe will improve the process
and that they are collaborating to identify and resolve outstanding
Visas Mantis cases. In addition, State officials told GAO they have
invested about $1 million to upgrade the technology for sending Visas
Mantis requests. According to State officials, the new system will
help to reduce the time it takes to process Visas Mantis cases.
What GAO Recommends:
GAO is making a recommendation to the Secretary of State, in
coordination with the Director of the FBI and the Secretary of
Homeland Security, to develop and implement a plan to improve the
security check process known as Visas Mantis to avoid unnecessary
delays in visa issuance. State commented it had taken some action to
improve the Visas Mantis process and it would study our recommendation
to make further improvements.
www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-04-443T.
To view the full product, including the scope and methodology, click
on the link above. For more information, contact Jess T. Ford at (202)
512-4128 or fordj@gao.gov.
[End of section]
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:
I am pleased to be here to discuss the report we are issuing today on
the need for improvements to the visa process to reduce the time it
takes to adjudicate visas for science students and scholars.[Footnote
1] Citizens of other countries seeking to enter the United States
temporarily for study, exchanges, business, tourism, and other reasons
generally must apply for and obtain a U.S. travel document, called a
nonimmigrant visa, at U.S. embassies or consulates abroad before
arriving at U.S. ports of entry. Since September 11, 2001, visa
operations have played an increasingly important role in ensuring our
country's national security. In deciding who should and should not
receive a visa, consular officers must balance the need to facilitate
legitimate travel with the need to protect the United States against
persons whose entry could be harmful to U.S. national interests. For
example, consular officers need to delicately balance U.S. national
security interests with other interests such as promoting U.S.
education and cultural exchanges, business, tourism, and the overall
health of our economy. As part of the visa application process, many
applicants with a science background, including students and scholars,
must undergo an interagency security check, known as Visas Mantis,
before being issued or denied a visa. A Visas Mantis check is required
by the State Department (State), the Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI), and other interested Washington agencies when there are
potential concerns that the visa applicant may engage in the illegal
transfer of sensitive technology, which could undermine U. S. national
security.
At a hearing held by the House Committee on Science on March 26, 2003,
witnesses raised concern about the length of time it takes for science
students and scholars to obtain a visa and about losing top
international students to other countries due to visa delays. You asked
us to review 1) how long it takes a science student or scholar from
another country to obtain a visa and the factors contributing to the
length of time, and 2) what measures are under way to improve the
process and decrease the number of pending cases.
Summary:
State cannot readily identify the time it takes for a science student
or scholar to obtain a visa.[Footnote 2] According to State officials,
the department has not set specific criteria or time frames for how
long the visa process should take, but its goal is to adjudicate visas
as quickly as possible, consistent with immigration laws and homeland
security objectives. We found that a key factor that can contribute to
the length of time for adjudicating visas is whether an applicant must
undergo a Visas Mantis security check. While State's systems do not
allow it to keep aggregate data on the number of Visas Mantis cases,
State does have information on individual cases,[Footnote 3] which we
used to conduct our own analysis. We conducted a random sample of Visas
Mantis cases for science students and scholars between April and June
2003 and found that it took an average of 67 days for the security
check to be processed and for State to notify the post. Also, we
visited posts in China, India, and Russia in September 2003 and found
that many Visas Mantis cases had been pending 60 days or more. We also
found several factors that made it difficult to expeditiously resolve
some Visas Mantis cases. For example, in some instances, Visas Mantis
cases sent by posts did not get to the FBI for its security check
because of improperly formatted requests. Also, interoperability
problems among the systems that State and FBI use contribute to the
time taken to process a Visas Mantis case. In addition, the consular
staff at the posts we visited told us that they lacked clear guidance
on when to apply Visas Mantis checks and did not receive feedback on
whether they were providing enough information in their Visas Mantis
requests. Finally, we found that the wait for an interview also may
affect the time it takes to adjudicate visas for science students and
scholars.
State and FBI officials acknowledge that there have been lengthy waits
but report having measures under way that they believe will improve the
process and resolve outstanding cases. For example, officials from
State's Bureau of Consular Affairs and the FBI told us they are working
together to identify and resolve outstanding Visas Mantis cases. These
officials also told us that State has invested about $1 million to
upgrade its technology for transmitting Visas Mantis requests, and the
system is expected to be functional later this year. According to State
officials, the new system will help to reduce the time it takes to
process Visas Mantis checks.
State claims that the time taken to adjudicate visas for science
students and scholars has decreased from last year. While this may be
true, the data presented by State in support of its claim continues to
show that some applicants still face lengthy waits. We acknowledge that
there may be valid reasons for taking long periods of time on some visa
applications, given the national security concerns that may be
involved. However, we believe it is important that State and the FBI
continue to make improvements to avoid unnecessary delays. Therefore,
our report recommends that the Secretary of State, in coordination with
the Director of the FBI and the Secretary of Homeland Security, develop
and implement a plan to improve the Visas Mantis process in order to
avoid unnecessary delays in visa issuance. In developing this plan,
State should consider actions to establish milestones to reduce the
current number of pending Visas Mantis cases; develop performance goals
and measurements for processing Visas Mantis checks; provide additional
information to consular posts that clarifies guidance on the Visas
Mantis program; and work to achieve interoperable systems and expedite
the transmittal of data between agencies.
Mr. Chairman, my statement today will elaborate further on the waits
that may occur when Visas Mantis security checks are conducted and on
the measures State and the FBI are implementing to improve the process.
Background:
Visa applicants, including science students and scholars, generally
begin the visa process by scheduling an interview at a consular post.
On the day of the appointment, a consular officer reviews the
application, interviews the applicant, and checks the applicant's name
in the Consular Lookout and Support System (CLASS).[Footnote 4] The
consular officer then decides if the applicant will need a Security
Advisory Opinion, which provides an opinion or clearance from
Washington on whether to issue a visa to the applicant and may include
a Visas Mantis check. In deciding if a Visas Mantis check is needed,
the consular officer determines whether the applicant's background or
proposed activity in the United States could involve exposure to
technologies on the Technology Alert List, which lists science and
technology-related fields where, if knowledge gained from work in these
fields were used against the United States, it could be potentially
harmful.[Footnote 5]
After a consular officer decides that a Visas Mantis security check is
necessary for an applicant, several steps are taken to resolve the
process. The consular officer prepares a Visas Mantis cable, which
contains information on the applicant, and then transmits the
information to Washington for an interagency security check. The State
Department's Bureau of Nonproliferation, the FBI, and other agencies
review the information contained in the cable and then provide a
response on the applicant to the Consular Affairs section of State
headquarters.[Footnote 6] The Bureau of Nonproliferation and other
agencies are given 15 working days to respond to State with any
objections. However, State has agreed to wait for a response from the
FBI before proceeding with each Visas Mantis case.
Once State headquarters receives all the information pertaining to an
applicant, Consular Affairs summarizes the information and transmits a
response to the consular post. A consular official at post reviews the
response and decides, based on the information from Washington, whether
to issue the visa to the applicant.
Security Check Is Major Contributing Factor to Length of Time It Takes
to Adjudicate Visas:
State cannot readily identify the total length of time it takes for a
science student or scholar to obtain a visa. However, in discussions
with State officials, we learned that a key factor that contributes to
the length of time is whether an applicant must undergo a Visas Mantis.
To obtain visa data on science students and scholars, and to determine
how long the visa process takes, we reviewed all Visas Mantis cables
received from posts between April and June 2003, which totaled
approximately 5,000. Of these cases, 2,888 pertained to science
students and scholars, of which approximately 58 percent were sent from
China, about 20 percent from Russia, and less than 2 percent from
India.
We drew a random sample of 71 cases from the 2,888 science student and
scholar visa applications to measure the length of time taken at
various points in the visa process. The sample of 71 cases is a
probability sample, and results from the data in this sample project to
the universe of the 2,888 science visa applications. We found that
visas for science students and scholars took on average 67
days[Footnote 7] from the date the Visas Mantis cable was submitted
from post to the date State sent a response to the post.[Footnote 8]
This is slightly longer than 2 months per application, on average. In
the sample, 67 of the visa applications completed processing and
approval by December 3, 2003. In addition, 3 of the 67 completed
applications had processing times in excess of 180 days. Four of the
cases in our sample of 71 remained pending as of December 3, 2003. Of
the 4 cases pending, 3 had been pending for more than 150 days and 1
for more than 240 days.[Footnote 9]
In addition to our sample of 71 cases, State provided us with data on
two samples it had taken of Visas Mantis case processing times. Data on
the first sample included 40 visa cases taken from August to October
2003; data on the second sample included 50 Visas Mantis cases taken
from November and December 2003. State indicated that both samples show
improvements in processing times compared with earlier periods in 2003.
However, based on the documentation of how these cases were selected,
we were unable to determine whether these were scientifically valid
samples and therefore we could not validate that processing times have
improved. For the first sample, the data show that 58 percent of the
cases were completed within 30 days; for the second sample, the data
show that 52 percent were completed within this time frame. In
addition, the data for both samples show that lengthy waits remain in
some cases. For example, 9 of the 40 cases had been outstanding for
more than 60 days as of December 3, 2003, including 3 cases that had
been pending for more than 120 days. Also, 9 of the 50 cases were still
pending as of February 13, 2004, including 6 that had been outstanding
for more than 60 days. State officials commented that most of the
outstanding cases from both samples were still being reviewed by the
agencies.
During our fieldwork at posts in China, India, and Russia in September
2003, we also obtained data indicating that 410 Visas Mantis cases
submitted in fiscal year 2003 were still outstanding more than 60 days
at the end of the fiscal year.[Footnote 10] In addition, we found
numerous cases--involving 27 students and scholars from Shanghai--that
were pending more than 120 days as of October 16, 2003.
Several Factors Contribute to the Length of Time It Takes to Resolve
Visas Mantis Cases:
We found that several factors, including interoperability problems
among the systems that State and FBI use, contribute to the time it
takes to process a Visas Mantis case. Because many different agencies,
bureaus, posts, and field offices are involved in processing Visas
Mantis security checks, and each has different databases and systems,
we found that Visas Mantis cases can get delayed or lost at different
points in the process.[Footnote 11] We found that in fiscal year 2003,
some Visas Mantis cases did not always reach their intended recipient
and as a result, some of the security checks were delayed. For example,
we followed up with the FBI on 14 outstanding cases from some of the
posts we visited in China in September 2003 to see if it had received
and processed the cases. FBI officials provided information indicating
that they had no record of receiving three of the cases, they had
responded to State on eight cases, and they were still reviewing three
cases. FBI officials stated that the most likely reason why they did
not have a record of the three cases from State were due to cable
formatting errors. State did not comment on the status of the 14 cases
we provided to the FBI for review. However, a Consular Affairs official
told us that in fall 2003, there were about 700 Visas Mantis cases sent
from Beijing that did not reach the FBI for the security check. The
official did not know how the cases got lost but told us that it took
Consular Affairs about a month to identify this problem and provide the
FBI with the cases. As a result, several hundred visa applications were
delayed for another month.
Figure 1 illustrates some of the time-consuming factors in the Visas
Mantis process for our sample of 71 cases. While the FBI received most
of the cases from State within a day, seven cases took a month or more,
most likely because they had been improperly formatted and thus were
rejected by the FBI's system. In more than half of the cases, the FBI
was able to complete the clearance process the same day, but some cases
took more than 100 days. These cases may have taken longer because (1)
the FBI had to investigate the case or request additional information
from State; (2) the FBI had to locate files in field offices, because
not all of its files are an electronic format; or (3) the case was a
duplicate, which the FBI's name check system also rejects. In most of
the cases, the FBI was able to send a response--which it generally does
in batches of name checks, not by individual case--to State within a
week. The FBI provides the results of name checks for Visas Mantis
cases to State on computer compact disks (CDs), a step that could cause
delays. In December 2003, a FBI official told us that these CDs were
provided to State twice a week. However, in the past, the CDs were
provided to State on a less frequent basis. In addition, it takes time
for data to be entered in State's systems once State receives the
information. In the majority of our sample cases, it took State 2 weeks
or longer to inform a post that it could issue a visa. State officials
were unable to explain why it took State this long to respond to post.
Officials told us that the time frame could be due to a lack of
resources at headquarters or because State was waiting for a response
from agencies other than the FBI. However, the data show that only 5 of
the 71 cases were pending information from agencies other than the FBI.
Figure 1: Average Time Frames for Visas Mantis Cases, April to June
2003:
[See PDF for image]
[End of figure]
Post Officials Seek Clearer Guidance and More Feedback:
During our visits to posts in September 2003, officials told us they
were unsure whether they were adding to the wait time because they did
not have clear guidance on when to apply the Visas Mantis process and
were not receiving feedback on the amount of information they provided
in their Visas Mantis requests. According to the officials, additional
information and feedback from Washington agencies regarding these
issues could help expedite Visas Mantis cases. Consular officers told
us that they would like the guidance to be simplified--for example, by
expressing some scientific terms in more easily understood language.
Several consular officers also told us they had only a limited
understanding of the Visas Mantis process, including how long the
process takes. They told us they would like to have better information
on how long a Visas Mantis check is taking so that they can more
accurately inform the applicant of the expected wait.
Consular officers at most of the posts we visited told us they would
like more feedback from State on whether the Visas Mantis cases they
are sending to Washington are appropriate, particularly whether they
are sending too many or too few Visas Mantis requests. They said they
would like to know if including more information in the security check
request would reduce the time to process an application in Washington.
Moreover, consular officers indicated they would like additional
information on some of the outstanding Visas Mantis cases, such as
where the case is in the process. State confirmed that it has not
always responded to posts' requests for feedback or information on
outstanding cases.
Wait for an Interview Can Also Add Significant Time:
Aside from the time it takes to process Visas Mantis checks, an
applicant also has to wait for an interview. State does not have data
or criteria for the length of time applicants at its overseas posts
wait for an interview, but at the posts we visited in September 2003,
we found that it generally took 2 to 3 weeks. Furthermore, post
officials in Chennai, India, told us that the interview wait time was
as long as 12 weeks during the summer of 2003 when the demand for visas
was greater than the resources available at post to adjudicate a visa.
Officials at some of the posts we visited indicated they did not have
enough space and staffing resources to handle interview demands and the
new visa requirement that went into effect on August 1, 2003. That
requirement states that, with a few exceptions, all foreign individuals
seeking to visit the United States need to be interviewed prior to
receiving a visa. Factors such as the time of year an applicant applies
for a visa, the appointment requirements, and the staffing situation at
posts generally affect how long an applicant will have to wait for an
interview.
Agency Officials Cite Improvements:
State and FBI officials acknowledged that visa waits have been a
problem but said they are implementing improvements to the process and
working to decrease the number of pending Visas Mantis cases. For
example,
* State and FBI officials told us that the validity of Visas Mantis
checks for students and scholars has been extended to 12 months for
applicants who are returning to a program or activity and will perform
the same functions at the same facility or organization that was the
basis for the original Visas Mantis check.
* FBI officials said that to address delays stemming from problems with
lost case files or systems that are not interoperable, the FBI is
working on automating its files and setting up a common database
between the field offices and headquarters. They also told us they have
set up a tracking system within the FBI for all Security Advisory
Opinions, including Visas Mantis cases.
* Consular Affairs officials told us that State has invested about $1
million on a new information management system that it said would
reduce the time it takes to process Visas Mantis cases. They described
the new system as a mechanism that would help strengthen the
accountability of Visas Mantis clearance requests and responses,
establish consistency in data collection, and improve data exchange
between State and other agencies involved in the clearance process. In
addition, officials said the system would allow them to improve overall
visa statistical reporting capabilities and data integrity for Mantis
cases. The new system will be paperless, which means that the current
system of requesting Visas Mantis clearances by cable will be
eliminated. State officials told us that the system is on schedule for
release early this year and that the portion relating to Security
Advisory Opinions will be operational sometime later this year.
However, challenges remain. FBI officials told us that the name check
component of the FBI's system would not immediately be interoperable
with State's new system but that they are actively working with State
to seek solutions to this problem. Nonetheless, FBI and State have not
determined how the information will be transmitted in the meantime. We
were not able to assess the new system since it was not yet functioning
at the time of our review.
* Officials from Consular Affairs and the FBI told us they are
coordinating efforts to identify and resolve outstanding Visas Mantis
cases. For example, they have been working together on a case-by-case
basis to make sure that cases outstanding for several months to a year
are completed. However, State officials said they do not have a target
date for completion of all the outstanding cases, which they estimated
at 1,000 in November 2003.
* In addition to improvements to the Visas Mantis process, State
officials told us that they are monitoring post resource needs and
adding staff as needed. These officials also told us that State added
66 new officers in 2003 and plans to add an additional 80 in 2004.
In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, agency officials recognize that the
process for issuing a visa to a science student or scholar can be an
important tool to control the transfer of sensitive technology that
could put the United States at risk. They also acknowledge that if the
process is lengthy, students and scholars with science backgrounds
might decide not to come to the United States, and technological
advancements that serve U.S. and global interests could be jeopardized.
Our analysis of a sample of Visas Mantis cases from April to June 2003
show that some applicants faced lengthy waits. While the State
Department and the FBI report improvements in Visas Mantis processing
times, our analysis of data from the posts we visited in September 2003
and our contact with post officials in January 2004 show that there are
still some instances of lengthy waits. State's and FBI's implementation
of the Visas Mantis process still has gaps that are causing wait times
for visas. State's new information management system could improve the
Visas Mantis process. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the new
system will address all the current issues with the process.
To help improve the process and reduce the length of time it takes for
a science student or scholar to obtain a visa, we are recommending that
the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Director of the FBI
and the Secretary of Homeland Security, develop and implement a plan to
improve the Visas Mantis process. In developing this plan, the
Secretary should consider actions to:
* establish milestones to reduce the current number of pending Visas
Mantis cases;
* develop performance goals and measurements for processing Visas
Mantis checks;
* provide additional information through training or other means to
consular posts that clarifies guidance on the overall operation of the
Visas Mantis program, when Mantis clearances are required, what
information consular posts should submit to enable the clearance
process to proceed as efficiently as possible, and how long the process
takes; and:
* work to achieve interoperable systems and expedite transmittal of
data between agencies.
In commenting on our draft report, State said it had taken some actions
to improve the Visas Mantis process and it would study our
recommendation to make further improvements.
Mr. Chairman, this concludes my prepared statement. I would be happy to
answer any questions you or other members of the committee may have.
Contact and Acknowledgments:
For future contacts regarding this testimony, please call Jess Ford or
John Brummet at (202) 512-4128. Individuals making key contributions to
this testimony included Jeanette Espinola, Heather Barker, Janey Cohen,
and Andrea Miller.
FOOTNOTES
[1] U.S. General Accounting Office, Border Security: Improvements
Needed to Reduce Time Taken to Adjudicate Visas for Science Students
and Scholars, GAO-04-371 (Washington, D.C.: Feb. 25, 2004).
[2] State data are not available on the number of visas that were
issued or denied to science students and scholars or the length of time
it takes to issue visas to these people. Consular Affair officials told
us that State's systems can track aggregate student or scholar data by
F (students) and J (exchange visitors) visa categories, but they cannot
narrow their query search to specifically identify science students or
scholars.
[3] During our review, State data were not available on the overall
number of Visas Mantis cases or on the Visas Mantis cases by visa
category. State's systems can track the visa process for individual
Visas Mantis cases but do not allow for aggregate queries of Visas
Mantis cases.
[4] CLASS is a State Department name check database that posts use to
access critical information for visa adjudication. The system contains
records provided by numerous agencies and includes information on
persons with visa refusals, immigration violations, and security
concerns.
[5] Under Section 212(a)(3)(A)(i)(II) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act, an applicant is rendered inadmissible if there is
reason to believe that the applicant is seeking to enter the United
States to violate U.S. laws prohibiting the export of goods,
technology, or sensitive information from the United States. 8 U.S.C. §
1182(a)(3)(A)(i)(II).
[6] The Visas Mantis program allows all participating agencies to
provide information and raise any particular concerns that they may
have regarding an applicant and/or the applicant's proposed activity in
the United States. According to State, the key role of the Visas Mantis
process is to protect U.S. national security, particularly in combating
the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, their delivery
systems, and conventional weapons.
[7] The 95 percent confidence interval for the average number of days
to process a science visa application is between 50 and 84 days.
[8] According to State, factors that contribute to the length of time
it takes to process a Visas Mantis check include investigations by
clearing agencies or requests for additional applicant information.
Once State sends a response regarding a Visas Mantis check, the post
has to contact the applicant to issue or deny the visa. However, we did
not attempt to determine how long this process takes.
[9] We assessed the reliability of the sample data provided by State by
tracing a statistically random sample of data to source documents. We
determined that the data were sufficiently reliable for the purposes of
this report.
[10] Outstanding cases include those where the posts had not heard back
from State headquarters and those where State had responded to the
posts by indicating that additional information or review time was
needed. The number of outstanding Visas Mantis cases is based only on F
and J Visas Mantis cases for the posts in China but includes other visa
categories for the remaining posts we visited.
[11] Posts have no way to ensure that State receives the Visas Mantis
request, State has no systematic check to know if the FBI receives the
cases, and the FBI has no way to ensure that its results are forwarded
to the posts. Information regarding a case may potentially be sent back
and forth between different agencies and offices several times before a
decision can be made on whether to issue a visa.
